温州地区65例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学及临床特征分析
Copy editor: 林燕薇
收稿日期: 2020-02-18
网络出版日期: 2020-06-08
基金资助
温州市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控应急攻关项目(ZY202004)
版权
Analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 65 cases of COVID-19 in Wenzhou
Received date: 2020-02-18
Online published: 2020-06-08
Copyright
目的 探讨温州地区65例新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)患者的流行病学、临床特征和防治策略。方法 回顾性分析温州地区65例新冠肺炎确诊病例的病历资料,归纳新冠肺炎患者的流行病学及临床特征。结果 65例患者中,男37例(57%)、女28例(43%),年龄22 ~ 64岁、中位年龄42岁。有明确接触史63例(97%),其中发病前14 d内到过武汉34例,为第1代输入性病例,另有第2代病例25例、第3代病例4例。普通型51例(78%)、重型12例(18%)、危重型2例(3%)。重型及危重型患者均有基础疾病史,入院后1 ~ 3 d发展为重症。所有患者病毒核酸检测均阳性。大多数患者有发热(94%)、干咳(75%)、乏力(60%),少部分合并气促(25%)及腹泻(22%),白细胞计数均正常或降低(65/65,100%),46%患者淋巴细胞绝对值下降,CRP升高多见(74%)。65例患者胸部CT均有不同程度的肺部异常阴影,普通型表现为双肺外带散在渗出性改变(呈云紊状或磨玻璃样),局部可见小片状实变及支气管充气征,重型患者多为全肺叶累及的斑片状及条索状高密度影,局部实变及纤维化明显。所有患者均收入隔离病房,予抗病毒及对症支持治疗。随访至2020年2月18日,共治愈出院28例,其中普通型21例、重型6例、危重型1例,住院时间7 ~ 25 d,无死亡病例。结论 新冠肺炎临床以普通型为主,患者以发热、干咳、乏力为主要表现,白细胞计数正常或降低,部分患者淋巴细胞绝对值下降,CRP升高多见,胸部CT均有不同程度的肺部异常阴影。新冠肺炎具有较强的传染性,合并基础疾病的中老年患者容易发展为重型。加强对确诊病例、密切接触者的隔离及易感人群的预防控制是防止新冠肺炎疫情进一步扩散的关键。
关键词: 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2; 新型冠状病毒肺炎; 临床特征; 流行病学
施伎蝉 , 宁洪叶 , 刘赛朵 , 叶新春 , 周月影 , 吴正兴 , 吴联朋 , 陈雀芦 , 蒋贤高 . 温州地区65例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学及临床特征分析[J]. 新医学, 2020 , 51(5) : 360 -364 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2020.05.007
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and prevention and treatment strategies of 65 cases of COVID-19 in Wenzhou.Methods Clinical data of 65 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wenzhou were retrospectively analyzed, and clinical findings and epidemiological characteristics of these patients were summarized.Results Among 65 confirmed cases of COVID-19, 37 (57%) patients were male and 28 (43%) female, aged 22-64 years old with a median age of 42 years old. Sixty-three cases (97%) had a definite history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and 34 cases (52%) visited Wuhan within 14 d before the onset of disease, who were confirmed as the first-generation imported cases. In addition, there were 25 second-generation and 4 third-generation imported cases. Both severe and critical patients had a history of basic diseases, which developed into severe disease in 1-3 days after admission. Among them, 51 patients (78%) were diagnosed with mild COVID-19, 12 cases (18%) of severe COVID-19 and 2 (3%) critically ill cases. Most patients presented with the symptoms of fever (94%), cough (75%), fatigue (60%), and a few of them experienced shortness of breath (25%) and diarrhea (22%). All patients had normal or reduced white blood cell count (65/65, 100%). Lymphopenia was observed in 30 cases (46%), and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was increased in 48 cases (74%). All 65 patients showed different degree of abnormal imaging changes in the lung. Patients with mild symptoms showed scattered exudation from bilateral lungs with cloud turbulence or ground glass appearances, while small flaky consolidation and bronchogenic inflatable signs were observed locally. Patients with severe symptoms presented with patchy and high-density strip-like shadows across the whole lung lobe, manifested with obvious local consolidation and fibrosis. All patients were transferred to the isolation wards for antiviral and symptomatic support treatment. Until the follow-up date of February 18, 2020, 28 patients have been discharged including 12 mild cases, 6 severe cases and 1 critically ill case. The length of hospital stay was ranged from 7 to 25 d. No patient died throughout the treatment.Conclusions A majority of patients are diagnosed with mild COVID-19. Fever, cough and fatigue are the main manifestations. WBC count is normal or declined. Partial patients present with lymphopenia. Most patients have an elevated level of CRP. Chest CT scan reveals varying degree of abnormal shadows in the lung. COVID-19 is highly infectious. Strengthening the isolation of confirmed cases and those with a definite history of close contact, and prevention and control of the susceptible population are the key interventions to contain the spread of COVID-19.
Key words: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Clinical characteristics; Epidemiology
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