血mNGS确诊淋巴瘤化学治疗后免疫抑制并发嗜肺军团病一例并文献分析
Immunosuppression complicated with Legionnaires’ disease after chemotherapy in a lymphoma patient confirmed by blood mNGS: one case report and literature review
Received date: 2022-09-10
Online published: 2023-04-06
目的 分析免疫抑制患者嗜肺军团病的临床特征,探讨免疫抑制患者血宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)在军团菌感染中的早期诊治意义。方法 报道1例血管免疫母细胞淋巴瘤化学治疗后出现肺部感染的患者,通过血mNGS检测明确嗜肺军团菌感染。以“军团菌”“血”“宏基因组二代测序”为中文关键词分别检索中国知网数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库,以“Legionella”“blood”“metagenomics next-generation sequencing”或“mNGS”为英文关键词检索 PubMed数据库的相关英文文献,对血mNGS阳性军团病的病例资料进行分析。结果 该例为50岁女性患者,因“确诊血管免疫母细胞淋巴瘤10月余,需继续接受化学治疗”入院,入院后予2次静脉化学治疗,合并骨髓抑制,出现咳嗽、发热,考虑肺部感染,予常规抗生素治疗效果不佳,后经血mNGS明确嗜肺军团菌感染,调整抗生素(左氧氟沙星+替加环素)后患者好转出院。复习文献共收集具有较完整临床资料的患者2例,均为血液系统疾病干细胞移植后合并肺部感染的儿童患者,经血mNGS明确病原菌后经抗军团菌治疗好转。结论 免疫抑制患者嗜肺军团菌感染易合并血流感染,临床表现无特异性,mNGS有助于早期明确感染病原体,尽早予以联合抗感染治疗及适当延长疗程,可降低进展为重症肺炎的风险。
周磊 , 朱雯雯 . 血mNGS确诊淋巴瘤化学治疗后免疫抑制并发嗜肺军团病一例并文献分析[J]. 新医学, 2023 , 54(3) : 205 -209 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2023.03.008
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of Legionnaires’ disease in immunosuppressive patients, and to explore the significance of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the early diagnosis and treatment of Legionnaires’ disease in immunosuppressive patients. Methods A patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma who developed pulmonary infection after chemotherapy was reported. The diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila infection was confirmed by blood mNGS. Using “Legionella” “blood” “metagenomic next-generation sequencing” and “mNGS” as the keywords in both Chinese and English, relevant studies were searched from CNKI database, Chinese core journals and PubMed database. Clinical data of patients positive for Legionella pneumophila by blood mNGS were analyzed. Results The female patient, aged 50-year-old, was admitted to our hospital due to “the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and continuing chemotherapy for more than 10 months”. After twice intravenous chemotherapy, the patient was complicated with myelosuppression, cough and fever. The possibility of pulmonary infection was considered. Conventional antibiotic therapy yielded low efficacy. Blood mNGS confirmed the infection with Legionella pneumophila. After adjusted antibiotic treatment (levofloxacin + tigecycline), the patient was improved and discharged. According to literature review, two cases with complete clinical data were searched. Both two cases were children with hematological diseases who were complicated with pulmonary infection after stem cell transplantation. After the pathogen was identified by blood mNGS, the disease was mitigated after anti-Legionella treatment. Conclusions Immunosuppressed patients with Legionella pneumophila infection are likely to be complicated with bloodstream infection, and clinical manifestations are non-specific. mNGS contributes to prompt identification of the pathogen. Combined anti-infection treatment should be delivered and the course of treatment should be properly prolonged, aiming to lower the risk of progression into severe pneumonia.
Key words: Legionella; Blood mNGS; Immunosuppression; Pneumonia
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