Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 58 cases of adenovirus pneumonia, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods Fifty-eight children diagnosed with adenovirus pneumonia were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestations, complications, etiology, chest imaging manifestations, fibrobronchoscopy, treatment and prognosis were statistically analyzed.Results Among 58 cases, 38 were male and 20 were female. The ratio of male and female was 1.9∶1, aged （31.40±9.45） months on average. A majority of them were aged from 6 months to 3 years old. All patients had acute onset and presented with fever and cough. The average duration of fever was （9.25±3.57） d. Among all complications, the proportion of heart failure was 29.3% and 19.0% for myocardial damage. Serum adenovirus-specific IgM was positive in 58 cases. Twenty-seven patients （46.6%） were complicated with bacterial infection and 10 patients （17.2%） were complicated with other respiratory viral infections. The main manifestations of chest CT scan included consolidation and exudation of bilateral lungs in 58 patients, and endotracheal inflammation by fibrobronchoscopy in 20 patients. After antiviral and other symptomatic supportive therapies, 49 cases were healed, 8 patients were improved, 1 case withdrew from treatment and no death occurred. During 3-month follow-up, 6 （10.3%） of 58 patients developed bronchiolitis obliterans and other children were normal.Conclusions Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia is one of the most severe types of infantile pneumonia, which is characterized by acute onset, long duration of fever, complicated with multiple system damage and is prone to a variety of other mixed infections. Clinicians should deliver early diagnosis and treatment according to the disease conditions and clinical manifestations of the pediatric patients. In addition, reasonable comprehensive treatment can be given to lower the mortality and disability rates.