Original Research

Changes and significance of serum interleukin-32 and interleukin-33 levels in patients with peptic ulcer of different types of Helicobacter pylori

  • Tu Hongfei ,
  • Li Li ,
  • Fei Sujuan
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  • First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
Fei Sujuan, E-mail:

Received date: 2019-11-12

  Online published: 2020-04-01

Copyright

Copyright reserved © 2020.Office of Acta Agronomica Sinica All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.

Abstract

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of serum IL-32 and IL-33 levels in peptic ulcer (PU) patients with different types of Helicobacter pylori (Hp).Methods Fifty-two patients with PU were selected in the observation group and 54 patients with chronic superficial gastritis in the control group.The Hp infection was detected by Western blot.The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 were quantitatively measured by ELISA.The infection rate of Hp and the serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 were statistically compared between two groups.Results The positive rate of Hp in the observation group was 80.8%, significantly higher than 63.0% in the control group (P < 0.05).The infection rate of typeⅠ Hp in the observation group was 61.9%, slightly higher than 55.9% in the control group (P > 0.05).The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 in the observation group were (95.29±17.79)pg/ml and (72.42±16.19)pg/ml significantly higher compared with (84.10±15.17)pg/ml and (66.24±13.97)pg/ml in the control group (both P < 0.05).The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 significantly differed in PU patients with different types of Hp (both P < 0.001.The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 in type Ⅰ Hp infection group were significantly higher than those in type Ⅱ Hp infection group and negative Hp group (all P < 0.05).The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 did not significantly differ among patients with different types of PU (both P > 0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of IL-32 and IL-33 are increased in PU patients increased, especially in PU patients with type Ⅰ Hp infection.

Cite this article

Tu Hongfei , Li Li , Fei Sujuan . Changes and significance of serum interleukin-32 and interleukin-33 levels in patients with peptic ulcer of different types of Helicobacter pylori[J]. JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICINE, 2020 , 51(3) : 195 -198 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2020.03.008

对象与方法

一、研究对象

选取2018年10月至2019年7月于徐州医科大学附属医院住院治疗的PU患者52例作为观察组,其中男33例、女19例,年龄(52.92 ±14.85)岁;同时收集同期行胃肠镜检查诊断为慢性浅表性胃炎的患者54例作为对照组,其中男26例、女28例,年龄(54.61±11.71)岁。排除标准:①合并有免疫系统疾病以及其他恶性肿瘤等疾病的患者;②严重的心、肝、肾功能不全的患者;③处于炎症状态或合并其他感染性疾病的患者;④既往曾行Hp根除治疗的患者。本研究经徐州医科大学附属医院伦理委员会审查通过,所有研究对象对本研究知情同意。2组性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05),具有可比性。

二、研究方法

1.电子胃镜及病理学检查

采用Olympus公司电子胃镜检查,并经病理学检查确诊为PU、慢性浅表性胃炎。

2.标本采集与储存

使用5 ml K2 EDTA抗凝采血管采集各组患者空腹静脉血4 ml,使用离心机以3000 r/min离心血液15 min,分离血清,将血清置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。

3.Hp及其分型检测

将血清标本取出,置于恒温箱内复温至37℃,采用蛋白免疫印迹法对患者血清Hp抗体(UreA、UreB、CagA、VacA)进行定性检测。根据血清Hp抗体可将Hp分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型Hp是产细胞毒素的菌株,即CagA(+)和(或)VacA(+),Ure(+);Ⅱ型Hp仅产生Ure而不产生毒素;CagA、VacA及Ure均阴性即为Hp阴性。Hp抗体分型检测试剂盒来自深圳伯劳特生物制品有限公司,检测由经验丰富的实验人员严格按照说明书进行操作。

4.血清IL-32、IL-33浓度检测

将血清标本取出,置于恒温箱内复温至37℃,ELISA定量检测各组患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平。人IL ELISA试剂盒由上海将来实业股份有限公司提供。所有操作均严格按照试剂盒的说明书进行。

三、统计学处理

应用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析,正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±S$表示,2组间比较采用独立样本t检验;多组间比较采用方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验;计数资料以率或构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结 果

一、PU组和对照组Hp阳性率比较

PU组Hp阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);PU组Ⅰ型Hp比例稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义,见表1
表1 PU组与对照组Hp感染情况比较 [例(%)]
组 别 Hp阳性 Hp阴性 Hp阳性
Ⅰ型Hp Ⅱ型Hp
PU组 42(80.8) 10(19.2) 26(61.9) 16(38.1)
对照组 34(63.0) 20(37.0) 19(55.9) 15(44.1)
2 4.139 0.282
P值 0.042 0.595

二、PU组和对照组IL-32、IL-33水平比较

PU组血清IL-32、IL-33水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05),见表2
表2 PU组与对照组血清IL-32、IL-33水平比较($\bar{x}±S$) 单位:pg/ml
组 别 例数 IL-32 IL-33
PU组 52 95.29±17.79 72.42±16.19
对照组 54 84.10±15.17 66.24±13.97
t值 3.487 2.100
P值 0.001 0.038

三、不同Hp分型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平比较

不同Hp分型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.001),其中Ⅰ型HP感染组血清IL-32、IL-33水平均高于Ⅱ型Hp组及Hp阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05),Ⅱ型Hp组血清IL-32与Hp阴性组比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),Ⅱ型Hp组血清IL-33水平高于Hp阴性组(P < 0.05),见表3
表3 不同Hp分型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33 水平比较($\bar{x}±S$) 单位:pg/ml
组 别 例数 IL-32 IL-33
Ⅰ型Hp组 26 107.31±14.63 85.02±10.32
Ⅱ型Hp组 16 87.23±9.90a 62.98±8.81a
Hp阴性组 10 76.92±11.20a 54.74±9.78ab
F值 25.198 45.379
P值 < 0.001 < 0.001

注:与Ⅰ型Hp组比较,a P < 0.05;与Ⅱ型Hp组比较,b P < 0.05

四、不同类型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平

不同类型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05),见表4
表4 不同类型PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平比较($\bar{x}±S$) 单位:pg/ml
类 型 例数 IL-32 IL-33
胃溃疡 20 92.43±18.99 71.64±17.56
十二指肠溃疡 27 96.92±17.18 71.89±15.27
复合性溃疡 5 97.88±18.25 78.45±17.59
F值 0.414 0.376
P值 0.663 0.688

讨 论

PU在世界范围内具有较高发病率,Hp是导致其发病的主要因素之一[8]。Hp的定植、黏附以及毒力因子可损伤胃肠黏膜,促进胃泌素及生长抑素的分泌,导致PU的发生[9]。我国Hp总体感染率高达50% ~ 80%,临床研究证实CagA阳性Hp菌株的感染与更高级别的胃黏膜炎症以及严重的萎缩性胃炎有关,并被认为在胃癌的发生中起重要作用[10]。因此,Ⅰ型Hp可导致胃黏膜组织炎症反应,更容易诱导PU的发生发展。本研究中,PU组Hp感染率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,与既往研究结论一致;而PU组Ⅰ型Hp比例虽稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。
大量的研究表明,炎症免疫反应是Hp感染黏膜损伤的重要病理生理机制,Hp感染可诱导宿主细胞及体液免疫应答的激活,导致局部及全身的炎症反应。IL-32是最近发现的新型促炎因子,主要由自然杀伤(NK)细胞、单核细胞、上皮细胞和T淋巴细胞分泌,与慢性鼻窦炎、HCV、HBV等多种感染性疾病相关,而IL-32与PU的关系尚无报道[11,12]。本研究中,PU组血清IL-32水平较对照组高,提示IL-32可能在PU的发病过程中起到一定的促进作用。国内外研究证实,CagA可激活NF-κB和MAPK信号传导途径,从而促进IL-32的合成和分泌,血清IL-32水平升高又可正反馈性诱导TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β等炎症因子释放,从而加重局部炎症反应[13]。本研究中,Ⅰ型Hp感染PU患者血清IL-32水平明显高于Ⅱ型Hp组及Hp阴性组,进一步证实CagA是引起IL-32浓度升高的原因之一。
IL-33是IL-1超家族中的成员,主要来源于上皮细胞,可通过诱导Th2细胞来调节免疫应答[14]。研究证实,在白塞氏病、格雷夫斯病、多发性硬化、巨细胞病毒感染、慢性乙型肝炎等自身免疫性及慢性感染性疾病患者血清中IL-33水平显著升高。IL-33还能促进非小细胞性肺癌、乳腺癌、肾细胞癌和结直肠癌等恶性肿瘤的发展[15]。然而,目前尚未在Hp感染PU患者中评估血清IL-33水平。本研究显示PU患者血清IL-33水平明显高于对照组,且Ⅰ型Hp感染PU患者血清IL-33水平升高更为显著,提示血清IL-33水平升高可能是PU的一个致病因素。
PU是临床常见病,按病变部位可分为胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡和复合性溃疡。在本研究中,各型PU之间血清IL-32、IL-33水平无明显差异。综上所述,PU患者血清IL-32、IL-33水平升高,其中以Ⅰ型Hp比例升高为著。然而,本研究中PU组Ⅰ型Hp比例与对照组无明显差异,但PU组的血清IL-32、IL-33的水平却显著高于对照组,考虑PU患者本身局部炎症反应较重,且Hp可能存在着CagA、VacA以外的其他途径造成IL-32、IL-33等炎症因子的活化,这需要后续进一步研究证实。由此可见,检测血清IL-32、IL-33水平有望对PU及Hp感染状况的诊断提供参考,并为难治性、复发性PU的免疫治疗提供新思路,但本研究纳入的研究对象较少,有待更大规模的临床研究加以验证。
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