Immunosuppression complicated with Legionnaires’ disease after chemotherapy in a lymphoma patient confirmed by blood mNGS: one case report and literature review
Received date: 2022-09-10
Online published: 2023-04-06
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of Legionnaires’ disease in immunosuppressive patients, and to explore the significance of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the early diagnosis and treatment of Legionnaires’ disease in immunosuppressive patients. Methods A patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma who developed pulmonary infection after chemotherapy was reported. The diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila infection was confirmed by blood mNGS. Using “Legionella” “blood” “metagenomic next-generation sequencing” and “mNGS” as the keywords in both Chinese and English, relevant studies were searched from CNKI database, Chinese core journals and PubMed database. Clinical data of patients positive for Legionella pneumophila by blood mNGS were analyzed. Results The female patient, aged 50-year-old, was admitted to our hospital due to “the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and continuing chemotherapy for more than 10 months”. After twice intravenous chemotherapy, the patient was complicated with myelosuppression, cough and fever. The possibility of pulmonary infection was considered. Conventional antibiotic therapy yielded low efficacy. Blood mNGS confirmed the infection with Legionella pneumophila. After adjusted antibiotic treatment (levofloxacin + tigecycline), the patient was improved and discharged. According to literature review, two cases with complete clinical data were searched. Both two cases were children with hematological diseases who were complicated with pulmonary infection after stem cell transplantation. After the pathogen was identified by blood mNGS, the disease was mitigated after anti-Legionella treatment. Conclusions Immunosuppressed patients with Legionella pneumophila infection are likely to be complicated with bloodstream infection, and clinical manifestations are non-specific. mNGS contributes to prompt identification of the pathogen. Combined anti-infection treatment should be delivered and the course of treatment should be properly prolonged, aiming to lower the risk of progression into severe pneumonia.
Key words: Legionella; Blood mNGS; Immunosuppression; Pneumonia
Zhou Lei , Zhu Wenwen . Immunosuppression complicated with Legionnaires’ disease after chemotherapy in a lymphoma patient confirmed by blood mNGS: one case report and literature review[J]. JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICINE, 2023 , 54(3) : 205 -209 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2023.03.008
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