Abstract: Applied behavior analysis (ABA)-based intervention is one of the mainstream approaches for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although substantial empirical evidence supports its effectiveness, it has also raised some discussions in practice. This article reviews the research progress of ABA in the field of ASD intervention both domestically and internationally, with a focus on clarifying and discussing key issues including the degree of structured intervention strategies, the use of punishment, skill generalization, and the burden of family’s devotion. The article further introduces the neurodiversity perspective and analyzes its implications for the ethical practice of ABA. On this basis, suggestions for optimizing ABA intervention services in China are proposed from the aspects of technical optimization, family support, professional capacity building, and public trust enhancement. This article aims to provide rational discussion and reflection for the localized development and scientific practice of behavioral interventions for children with ASD.