Abstract:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease in otorhinolaryngology and is characterized by a prolonged course, substantial heterogeneity, a high recurrence risk in selected patients, and a considerable long-term disease burden. With advances in inflammatory endotyping, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), biologics, digital follow-up, and artificial intelligence (AI), CRS care is shifting from an experience-based model relying mainly on symptoms and imaging toward integrated management based on risk stratification, precision intervention, and life-course disease control. The 2026 Zhongshan Forum on Chronic Rhinosinusitis discussed difficult-to-treat and recurrent CRS, clinical translation of inflammatory endotypes, sequencing of ESS and biologics, standardized primary care pathways, intelligent follow-up, and translational research priorities. Based on expert discussions from the forum and current guidelines, position papers, and recent evidence, this article proposes that CRS management should strengthen early recurrence-risk assessment, establish a tiered evaluation system, optimize scenario-based sequencing of conventional pharmacotherapy, ESS, and biologics, and promote long-term chronic disease management through regional collaboration and digital tools. The experts emphasized that the future of CRS care lies not in replacing established therapies with a single new technology, but in building an executable, measurable, and scalable system for precision diagnosis and continuous management.