Abstract: Free fatty acids are important substances for regulating energy metabolism in the body and mainly exert their functions by binding to G protein-coupled receptors（GPRs）on the cell membrane. GPR120 is the receptor for medium and long-chain free fatty acids in mammals. Studies have found that the activation of GPR120 on endothelial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells,and monocytes/macrophages can reduce monocyte adhesion,promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells,regulate the migration and differentiation of macrophages,and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions,potentially resisting atherosclerosis. This article reviews the molecular structure,tissue distribution,ligand types,signal transduction pathways of GPR120,and its research progress in anti-atherosclerotic diseases,aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism of GPR120 in resisting atherosclerosis and its potential value as a therapeutic target.