Abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy is a brain functional neuroimaging technology, which is widely used in the research and clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases. Near-infrared technology can measure tissue oxygenation status and hemodynamic parameters non-invasively, providing a new tool for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of neurological diseases. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the application progress of near-infrared technology in central nervous system diseases in recent years, and discuss its potential clinical significance, including the application in different neurological diseases and the application prospect in neurological rehabilitation, so as to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.