Abstract: Cryoneurolysis (CNL), as an emerging cryotherapy technique, has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in the rehabilitation of various diseases. By utilizing the cryogenic freezing effect, CNL effectively alleviates pain and improves muscle spasms, and helps reduce the dependence on and addiction to opioid drugs. This article systematically reviewed the latest clinical practice achievements of CNL in the fields of neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal diseases, and postoperative rehabilitation, and deeply explores its mechanism of action, clinical application scope, and efficacy evaluation. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and practical references for the rational application of CNL in pain management and functional rehabilitation.