远程个案管理模式在冠心病患者PCI术后出院随访中的应用:一项队列研究

Application of remote case management in post-discharge follow-up of coronary heart disease patients undergoing PCI : a cohort study

  • 摘要: 目的 探讨远程个案管理模式在冠心病行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后患者出院随访中的长期效果。方法 选取于暨南大学附属第一医院接受PCI术后的200例冠心病患者为研究对象。以2021年纳入的100例患者为对照组,接受常规出院指导及门诊随访;以2023年2月至6月纳入的100例患者为干预组,实施由多学科团队支持的远程个案管理模式(包括全面评估、个性化计划、电话/微信随访、专科护理门诊等)。比较2组患者干预12个月后的血脂、血糖、肾功能等代谢指标、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、服药依从性及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果 干预12个月后,干预组空腹血糖(5.59±1.22)vs.(6.01±1.63)mmol/L,P = 0.040、糖化血红蛋白(5.97±0.74)% vs.(6.34±1.10)%,P = 0.006、总胆固醇(3.26±0.77)vs.(3.55±0.99)mmol/L,P = 0.019、甘油三酯(1.32±0.81)vs.(1.73±1.14)mmol/L,P = 0.004、低密度脂蛋白(1.64±0.55)vs. (1.84±0.76)mmol/L,P = 0.036、尿酸(396.24±93.91)μmol/L vs. (434.48±113.74)μmol/L,P = 0.010、肌酐(84.15±26.29)μmol/Lvs. (97.76±50.18)μmol/L,P = 0.017均优于对照组;服药依从性评分高于对照组(7.04±0.85 vs. 6.52±0.94,P < 0.001);MACE发生率低于对照组(6.0% vs. 16.0%,P = 0.024)。2组LVEF及高密度脂蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。结论 对冠心病PCI术后患者实施远程个案管理模式,可提高患者的服药依从性,改善其糖脂代谢等相关危险因素指标,降低其MACE发生率,是一种行之有效的二级预防管理策略,值得临床推广应用。

     

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a remote case management model in the post-discharge follow-up for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 200 CHD patients who underwent PCI at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University were selected as study participants. 100 patients enrolled in 2021 were assigned into the control group and received conventional discharge guidance and outpatient follow-up, while 100 patients enrolled from February to June 2023 were assigned into the intervention group and received a remote case management model supported by a multidisciplinary team (including comprehensive assessment, individualized planning, telephone/WeChat follow-up, and specialized nursing clinics). After 12 months of intervention, comparisons were made between the two groups regarding metabolic indicators (blood lipids, blood glucose, renal function, etc.), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), medication adherence (MMAS-8 scale), and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results After 12 months of intervention, patients in the intervention group showed significantly better outcomes than their counterparts in the control group in fasting blood glucose (5.59±1.22) vs. (6.01±1.63) mmol/L, P = 0.040, glycated hemoglobin (5.97±0.74)% vs. (6.34±1.10)%, P = 0.006, total cholesterol (3.26±0.77)vs.(3.55±0.99) mmol/L, P = 0.019, triglycerides (1.32±0.81) vs. (1.73±1.14)mmol/L, P = 0.004, low-density lipoprotein (1.64±0.55) vs. (1.84±0.76)mmol/L, P = 0.036, uric acid (396.24±93.91) vs. (434.48±113.74)μmol/L, P = 0.010, and creatinine (84.15±26.29)μmol/L vs. (97.76±50.18)μmol/L, P = 0.017. In the intervention group, the medication adherence score was significantly higher (7.04±0.85)μmol/L vs. (6.52±0.94)μmol/L, P < 0.001, and the incidence of MACE was significantly lower (6.0% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.024) compared with those in the control group. No significant differences were observed in LVEF and high-density lipoprotein levels between two groups (both P > 0.05). Conclusions The implementation of a remote case management model for CHD patients after PCI can improve medication adherence, optimize risk factors such as glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduce the incidence of MACE. It is an effective secondary prevention management strategy worthy of clinical promotion and application.

     

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