Abstract: Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Due to the similar anatomical and functional characteristics of the small vessels between the kidney and brain, the relationship between CKD and cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD） has become a common research hot spot in the fields of neuroscience and kidney science. A large number of studies have shown that CSVD is closely correlated with CKD. In this paper, the researches on the correlation between CSVD and CKD at home and abroad in recent years are summarized as follows.