Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods A total of 625 pregnant women who delivered twice single pregnancy with GDM in the first pregnancy were recruited in this study. Among them, 289 pregnant women with GDM in the previous and current pregnancy were assigned into the recurrent GDM group and 336 pregnant women with GDM in the previous pregnancy and without GDM in the current pregnancy were allocated into the control group. The risk factors of recurrent GDM were analyzed. Results Age, pregnancy interval, pre-pregnancy body mass index （BMI） and weight gain during the middle pregnancy in the recurrent GDM group were higher than those in the control group （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI（OR = 1.729,P = 0.005）, and the weight gain during the middle pregnancy（OR = 1.688,P= 0.014）, age≥35（OR = 1.823,P = 0.007）, no pre-pregnancy consultation（OR = 1.367,P = 0.022）, drug treatment in the previous pregnancy （OR = 2.114, P = 0.011） were the independent risk factors for recurrent GDM. Conclusions Prenatal care for pregnant women with a medical history of GDM should focus on the pre-pregnancy BMI and pre-pregnancy consultation. The pregnancy plan should be carefully determined, older pregnancy should be avoided, the weight management during pregnancy should be conducted as early as possible, and the weight gain during pregnancy should be properly controlled to reduce the risk of GDM recurrence.