Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin D combined with recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） on growth factors and bone metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency （GHD）. Methods Eighty children with GHD were divided into the observation （n = 40） and control groups （n = 40）. Routine treatments including dietary guidance and rhGH therapy were given in the control group. In the observation group, vitamin D was supplemented on the basis of routine treatments. Before and 6 months after treatment, physical parameters such as height standard deviation score （HtSDS）, growth velocity （GV）, body mass and bone age, growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 （IGFBP-3）, bone metabolism parameters such as osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen （ICTP） and bone alkaline phosphate （BAP）, thyroid function such as T₃, thyroxine （T₄） and TSH, adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone （ACTH, cortisol） and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL） score were statistically compared between two groups. Results After corresponding treatments, physical parameters, growth factors and bone metabolism parameters were significantly improved, the cortisol, ACTH and CBCL score were remarkably decreased, whereas the T₃, T₄ and TSH levels were considerably elevated in two groups （all P < 0.05）. Following treatments, HtSDS, GV, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, osteocalcin, ICTP and BAP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （all P < 0.05）. The throid and ACTH parameters did not significantly differ between two groups after corresponding treatments （all P > 0.05）. The incidence of thyroid dysfucntion and knee pain did not significantly differ between two groups throughout the drug administration （both P > 0.05）. In the observation group, the incidence of edema at the injection site and breast development in male was significantly lower than that in the control group （both P < 0.05）. Conclusion Vitamin D combined with rhGH is an efficacious and safe treatment of GHD in children.