Abstract: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in children, which seriously affects their quality of life. However, there has been no diagnostic gold standard for pediatric asthma. Consequently, both over-, and under-diagnosis of asthma are frequent in children. Therefore, correct and early identification of pediatric asthma plays a significant role in improving the control level and enhancing the clinical prognosis. In April, 2021, the European Respiratory Society issued the “European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years”, which provides evidence-based reference and clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5 to 16 years. This article aims to interpret the method, key points and recommendations of this guideline.