Abstract: Objective To evaluate the changes of bone mineral density after subtotal parathyroidectomy in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after maintenance hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. Methods Clinical data of 33 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy after secondary hyperparathyroidism following hemodialysis （operation group） and 37 patients with the same diseases receiving drug therapy alone（drug group） were collected. All patients received chest CT scan before and after corresponding treatment. The changes of bone calcium score of the sternum were measured by CT scan serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density were statistically compared between two groups. The relationship between operation and changes of bone mineral density was analyzed. Results In the operation group, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density had statistical significance before and after treatment （all P < 0.05）, and bone mineral density was increased. The serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density did not significantly differ before and after treatment in the drug group （all P > 0.05）. After the adjustment of age, operation was significantly correlated with the changes of bone mineral density （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Subtotal parathyroidectomy contributes to improving bone mineral density in patients with chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism after hemodialysis.