Abstract: Gut microbiota, as an important regulator of maintaining organ microenvironment, composes of the gut-organ axis. Many evidences have shown that gut microbiota and its metabolites can be used as a therapeutic strategy to effectively prevent and treat respiratory diseases. However, because the composition of children’s gut microbiota is different from that of adults and the dynamic development of immune system, researches on the interaction between children’s gut microbiota and respiratory infection remains scarce. Here, we introduced the changes in the gut microbiota of children with respiratory tract infection from the perspective of lung-gut axis, and analyzed the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune function of children and respiratory infection, aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment of pediatric respiratory infection from the aspect of gut microbiota.