Abstract: Erythropoietin and its analogues are the most effective drugs for the treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease （CKD）,malignant tumors and chemotherapy,autoimmune disorders,and malnutrition,etc. However,partial patients,especially CKD patients,can generate neutralizing antibody after use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents,thereby leading to pure red cell aplasia （PRCA） and severely affecting disease condition and clinical prognosis. Full understanding of antibody-induced PRCA contributes to delivering early diagnosis,appropriate examinations and effective treatment,and enhancing clinical prognosis of CKD patients. In this article,research progress upon antibody-induced PRCA in CKD patients was systematically reviewed.