如何识别和利用低口语能力孤独症儿童的优势

How to identify and use the strengths of a non-verbal autistic child

  • 摘要: 典型孤独症个体通常在学龄前阶段缺乏口语能力,但却时常表现出与自身显著功能障碍不符的独特优势,而传统的智力评估往往无法识别这些优势。在此,文章提出一种优势本位的取向,以理解低口语能力孤独症儿童及与其进行互动。该方法强调识别因社交沟通困难和对重复行为的传统理解而被掩盖的独特智能。通过观察这些儿童对结构化物体、模式和电子屏幕的兴趣,照顾者和临床工作者得以洞察他们的认知潜力。文章进一步提出利用孤独症优势以提升孤独症儿童生活幸福感的方法,包括使用“侧向辅导”——一种非侵入性的并肩互动方式,作为与孤独症儿童建立联系的途径,尊重他们内在的学习风格以实施更有效的干预。

     

    Abstract: Persons with prototypical autism often present unique strengths that traditional intelligence assessments overlook, together with absence of oral language at the preschool age. Here, we propose a strengths-based approach in understanding and engaging with non-verbal autistic children. It emphasizes recognizing unique intellectual abilities often masked by communication challenges and conventional understanding of repetitive behaviors. By observing these children’s interests in structured objects, patterns, and screens, caregivers and clinicians can gain insights into their cognitive potential. We then present methods to leverage autistic strengths to support wellbeing of the families, including using “lateral tutorship” —a non-intrusive, side-by-side engagement method—as a way to connect with autistic children, respecting and utilizing their intrinsic learning style.

     

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