Abstract: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection after cervical conization is a significant risk factor for residual, recurrence of leision and even cervical cancer in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The persistent infection of HPV after cervical conization is associated with multiple factors, such as virus, organism, and clinical treatment, etc. Understanding the associated factors will play an important role in improving the clinical efficacy, perfecting the postoperative monitoring program and guiding women’s lifestyle. In this article, the viral, organism and treatment factors of persistent HPV infection after cervical conization in HSIL patients were reviewed, aiming to deepen the clinicians’ understanding of related factors and improve clinical prognosis of HSIL patients.