Abstract: Dysphagia not only severely affects patients’ quality of life but also significantly increases the incidence of complications and mortality risk. In recent years, neuromodulation technologies have provided breakthrough therapeutic strategies for swallowing rehabilitation by targeting peripheral and central neural circuits. This article systematically reviews the key technologies and recent advances in this field： for peripheral stimulation, it highlights pharyngeal electrical stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation； for central modulation, it focuses on the applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. These neuromodulation techniques exert their therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms, including regulating neural plasticity and improving neuromuscular coordination. Future development should focus on the integration of multimodal technologies and optimization of personalized treatment strategies to promote the establishment of a precise rehabilitation system for dysphagia.