Objective To evaluate the value of lacrimal gland herniation（LGH）in judging the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy（TAO）and predicting the efficacy of glucocorticoids. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 238 patients with TAO who were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases，the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University，from January 2014 to November 2022. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）was used to measure LGH and its differences were compared among different activity groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between LGH and the clinical activity score（CAS）. The effectiveness of LGH in staging TAO activity was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Follow-up was performed on 92 patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy to analyze the differences in LGH between the different efficacy groups. The influencing factors of efficacy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The LGH of patients in the active group was higher than that in the non-active group（P < 0.05）. Spearman rank correlation analysis results showed a positive correlation between LGH and CAS score（P < 0.05）. The ROC curve analysis showed that the staging efficacy of LGH for TAO activity was optimal when the cut-off value of LGH was 9.78 mm，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.703，sensitivity of 78.9%，and specificity of 54.8%. Combining external ocular muscle thickness（EOMT）with LGH further improved staging efficacy，with an AUC of 0.752，sensitivity of 62.7%，and specificity of 78.1%. The AUC for the combined EOMT and LGH was greater than that for LGH alone（Z = 2.052，P < 0.05）. In the glucocorticoid treatment efficacy group，LGH was lower than in the ineffective group（P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that LGH was an independent predictor of efficacy（P < 0.05）. Conclusions The LGH of TAO patients is correlated with the CAS score and can be used as a good indicator to judge the activity of TAO. The combination of LGH and EOMT can effectively improve the staging efficacy of TAO，thus providing effective assistance for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal flora and metabolomics in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia（CAP）after discharge from the hospital. Methods Nineteen elderly patients with CAP（11 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group）who were discharged from from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between December 2022 and November 2023 and 16 healthy volunteers were randomly selected. Plasma and fecal samples were collected. The changes in gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Plasma metabolomics research was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. Results Based on the intestinal flora assay，at the phylum level，the abundance of Campylobacter species and Desulfovibrio phylum was increased after treatment（both P < 0.05）；at the genus level，the genera of Fusiform streptococcus，Trichoderma sphaericornutum group NK4A136，Desulfovibrio unclassified，and Prevotella anomalies were significantly elevated（all P < 0.05）. Based on untargeted metabolomics assay，the treatment improved patients’ metabolite levels of L-tryptophan，malonate，and glycine，which are mainly involved in glycine，serine，and threonine metabolism，aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis，and purine metabolism pathways. In the joint analysis of intestinal flora and plasma differential metabolites，Patella species showed a significantly negative correlation with adenine after treatment（P = 0.006）；Fusobacterium spp. showed a significantly negative correlation with 4，6-dihydroxyquinoline（P = 0.003）；and Lactobacillus spp. showed a significantly positive correlation with adenosine phosphorothioate（P = 0.004）. Conclusions In post-discharge elderly CAP patients，syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine may exert therapeutic effects by improving the structure of intestinal microbial species，increasing the relative abundance of probiotics and decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria，and influencing the pathways associated with the metabolism of amino acids，proteins and energy.

Objective To fabricate 3D biomimetic design of tissue engineering scaffolds（Shell-Core scaffolds）incorporating mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）and human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs）by using advanced coaxial 3D bioprinting technology，and to validate the biomimetic vascularization capacity of the scaffolds by experiments. Methods The Shell-Core scaffolds were successfully fabricated via coaxial 3D bioprinting technology. The biomimetic structural features were characterized using optical microscopy and histological staining assay. The in vitro pro-angiogenic capacity was evaluated through inter-group comparative observations and cell scratch assays. Furthermore，qRT-PCR was employed to quantify RNA expression levels of angiogenesis-related markers in cells cultured on the Shell-Core scaffolds. Results Shell-Core scaffolds were successfully fabricated. The scaffolds possessed high structural fidelity，which could be maintained at 7 d after scaffold fabrication. Cell proliferation assay showed that the cell proliferation rate in the scaffolds at 7 d was higher than that in the mixed culture on the 2D plane. Cell scratch assay showed that the shortening scratch distance of HUVECs treated by Shell-Core-CM was significantly greater than those treated by 3D-Mix-CM and blank groups [（431.6±33.6）μm vs.（378.7±22.5）μm vs.（302.3±20.1）μm，both P < 0.01]. At 7 d after in vitro cultured of engineered biomimetic tissues，under fluorescence microscope，HUVECs expressing green fluorescent protein remained in the designed core channel，and self-assembled endothelial buds in all directions. Furthermore，the results of qRT-PCR show that quantified RNA expression levels of angiogenesis-related markers（MMP-9）in cells cultured on the Shell-Core scaffolds was significantly higher（1.55±0.06，P < 0.01）than that in 3D-Mix scaffolds. Conclusions The Shell-Core scaffolds integrating MSCs and HUVECs demonstrates high structural fidelity and pro-angiogenic capacity，offering a novel strategy for addressing tissue defect repair and fabricating vascularized engineered organs. This platform further provides a physiologically relevant tissue model for drug testing and mechanistic investigation of angiogenesis.

Objective To explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia in patients with psoriasis and explore their potential impact on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease（CVD）. Methods Patients with psoriasis who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology at the First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture from January 2022 to September 2023 were enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected. The occurrence of hypouricemia，hyperuricemia，and cardiovascular disease（CVD）among these patients was analyzed. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without CVD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between serum uric acid levels and the risk of CVD. Results A total of 206 psoriasis patients were included in the study. The mean age was（52.0±13.7）years and 130 patients（63.1%）were male. 33 patients（16.0%）had comorbid cardiovascular disease（CVD）. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia was 26.2% and 10.2%，respectively. Compared with patients with normal uric acid levels，those with hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence of CVD（27.8% vs. 9.2%，P = 0.011），and similarly，patients with hypouricemia also had an increased prevalence of CVD（28.6% vs. 9.2%，P = 0.001），even without higher traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with psoriasis patients without CVD，those with CVD showed higher proportions of hyperuricemia（45.5% vs. 22.5%），hypouricemia（18.2% vs. 8.8%），hypertension（63.3% vs. 13.3%），diabetes（30.3% vs. 8.1%），total cholesterol ≥ 5.2 mmol/L（39.4% vs. 20.8%），and hsCRP> 5 mg/L（57.6% vs. 27.7%）（all P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that，compared with patients with normal uric acid levels，both hyperuricemia（OR=1.668，95%CI 1.022-2.722，P = 0.041）and hypouricemia（OR=4.520，95%CI 1.210-16.877，P = 0.025）were independent risk factors for CVD in patients with psoriasis. Conclusions Both hyperuricemia and hypouricemia may be potential risk factors of CVD in patients with psoriasis.

Objective To investigate the infection status and clinicopathological characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）and human papillomavirus（HPV）in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）in Guangzhou，China. Methods A total of 304 OSCC specimens were collected from Guangzhou，including 123 cases from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University（January 2014 to December 2024）and 181 cases from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University（January 2017 to December 2018）. Polymerase Chain Reaction（PCR）was used to detect viral DNA，in situ hybridization was used to assess EBV-encoded RNAs（EBER），and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify viral-related proteins and determine the type of infection. Results Among the 304 OSCC specimens，26.3%（80/304）were EBV-PCR positive，with 63.8%（51/80）diagnosed at TNM stage I/II. Compared with EBV-negative cases，the difference in tumor staging was statistically significant（P = 0.042）. Among the EBV-PCR-positive OSCC cases，the EBER-positive rate was 33.8%（27/80），with 92.6%（25/27）localized in the cytoplasm. The detection rates of EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1（EBNA-1），latent membrane protein-1（LMP-1），and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-2（EBNA-2）were 83.8%（67/80），81.3%（65/80），and 56.3%（45/80），respectively，while the lytic protein ZEBRA was not detected. Type III latent infection accounted for 41.3%（33/80）. In contrast，HPV DNA was detected in only 2.6%（8/304）of OSCC cases，among which two were p16-IHC positive. Only one case of OSCC showed EBV-HPV coinfection. Conclusions Based on samples collected from Sun Yat-sen University affiliated hospitals，EBV infection is relatively prevalent in OSCC cases in Guangzhou，mainly characterized by type III latency and cytoplasmic localization of EBER，suggesting a potential role of EBV in the pathogenesis of OSCC. In contrast，HPV-related OSCC appears to be rare and likely plays a limited pathogenic role.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam besylate combined with esketamine in outpatient colonoscopy in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 48 hypertensive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy at the Ordos Central Hospital in 2023 were enrolled. The patients sequentially received 2% lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg and esketamine 0.15 mg/kg，followed by either remimazolam besylate 0.15-0.25 mg/kg（R group）or propofol 1-2 mg/kg（P group）for induction. Continuous infusion of remimazolam besylate at 1-2 mg/（kg·h）（R group）or propofol at 2-4 mg/（kg·h）（P group）was administered to maintain sedation. Differences between the two groups were observed and compared in terms of mean arterial pressure（MAP），heart rate（HR），respiratory rate（RR），and pulse oxygen saturation（SpO₂），perioperative time indicators（induction time，operation time，resuscitation time and discharge time），and sedation indicators [bispectral index（BIS），the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation（MOAA/S）score，and the Ramsay sedation score]. Adverse events were also recorded. Results At 5 minutes after colonoscopy（T6），the MAP in the R group was higher than that in the P group [（95.7±2.8）mmHg vs.（92.5±3.0）mmHg，P < 0.05]. From the beginning to the end of the procedure（T3-T5），HR，RR，myocardial oxygen consumption，and BIS values were also higher in the R group（all P < 0.05）and all the above indicators remain within the normal range. Moreover，the R group perioperative minimum SpO₂ is significantly higher than that of P group [（96.1±2.0）% vs.（94.0±2.4）%，P < 0.05]，and postoperative recovery quality score is higher than P group[（144.0±3.5）vs.（140.9±3.8），P < 0.05]，the rate of injection pain in R group is lower than P group（0% vs. 23.1 %，P < 0.05）. However，the induction [（4.4±1.2）s vs.（3.7±1.1）s] and resuscitation times [（4.4±1.2）s vs.（3.7±1.1）s] were prolonged in the R group（both P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the success rate of induction between the two groups（90.9% vs. 96.2%，P > 0.05）. Conclusions In outpatient colonoscopy for patients with hypertension，remimazolam besylate and propofol，when combined with esketamine，provide comparable sedative efficacy. However，remimazolam besylate is associated with less injection pain and more stable hemodynamics，suggesting it may serve as a preferable option in this population.

Objective To study the effect of glucosaminyl （N-acetyl） transferase 3 （GCNT3） on the proliferation，apoptosis，invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition （EMT） of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma and matched paracancerous tissue specimens were collected from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection in Punan Branch of Renji Hospital，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2020 to 2023. The expression level of GCNT3 in lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues was detected using RT-qPCR. Human lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells were cultured in vitro，and transfected with GCNT3 small interfering RNA （Sh GCNT3 group） and Lipofectamine 2000 （NC group）. The relative expression level of GCNT3 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. The proliferation viability of cells in the NC and Sh GCNT3 groups was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The effect of GCNT3 on the apoptosis of H1650 cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The effect of GCNT3 on the invasion ability of H1650 cells was detected by Transwell assay. The effect of GCNT3 on the changes in the expression levels of EMT-related proteins in H1650 cells was determined by Western blot. Results The relative expression level of GCNT3 mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher compared with that in paracancerous tissues （P < 0.05）. Compared with the NC group，the relative expression level of GCNT3 mRNA was down-regulated，the proliferation rate of cells was significantly reduced，the cell invasion ability was weakened，the EMT phenotype was inhibited，and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the Sh GCNT3 group （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion GCNT3 gene promotes the proliferation，invasion and EMT of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits cell apoptosis.

Objective To provide empirical evidence for the application of artificial intelligence model in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods The core chapters of the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis were selected，and 10 orthopedic surgeons compared the answers of ChatGPT and DeepSeek with the guidelines from the four dimensions of accuracy，comprehensiveness，interpretability，and clinical applicability. Combined with the results of clinical bone mineral density test，the accuracy and scientificity of the model decision-making were evaluated. Results The scores of 10 orthopedic surgeons were consistent. The accuracy score of DeepSeek was significantly higher than that of ChatGPT，and DeepSeek was more accurate in drug management and parameter analysis，which conformed to the key points of guideline update. Although there was no statistical difference in comprehensiveness and interpretability score，DeepSeek built a multidimensional evaluation framework by integrating drug leave management，FLS collaboration mode and OSTA screening tools，and used charts to improve the efficiency of information presentation. The clinical application score of DeepSeek was better than that of ChatGPT，and its decision-making path and full-cycle monitoring system effectively shortened the time consumption of clinical decision-making. Clinical bone mineral density analysis showed that ChatGPT only provided a basic diagnosis and treatment framework，while DeepSeek showed a more complete guideline compliance and clinical applicability. Conclusion AI can improve the efficiency and quality of clinical decision-making in osteoporosis，and the performance of DeepSeek interpretation is better than that of ChatGPT.

Objective To explore the medication patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） compound prescriptions for the treatment of thyroid cancer （TC）. Methods Patents related to TCM compound prescriptions for TC were retrieved from the National Patent Database. Using R software，frequency analysis，association rule analysis，cluster analysis，and complex network analysis were performed to investigate the formulation patterns and identify core herbs. Results A total of 87 TCM compound patents involving 467 individual herbs were included. Thirty-one herbs were identified as high-frequency （usage frequency≥9），with representative ones including Spica Prunellae and Ecklonia kurome Okam. The main therapeutic functions included heat-clearing，resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma，activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis，tonifying deficiency，and regulating Qi. In terms of properties，the herbs were mainly bitter and pungent in flavor，cold in nature，and primarily targeted the liver and lung meridians. Association rule analysis identified 24 herbal combinations；cluster analysis yielded 6 herb groups. Complex network analysis suggested that Spica Prunellae，Sargassum，Ecklonia Kurome Okam and Airpotato Yam Rhizome were core herbs. Conclusions The patterns of TCM prescriptions for TC primarily follows the treatment principles of “clearing heat，resolving phlegm，regulating Qi，invigorating blood and tonifying deficiency.” This principles precisely corresponds to the core pathogenesis of TC，characterized by the evolution of “Qi stagnation，phlegm accumulation，blood stasis，toxicity，and deficiency.” Moreover，the core herbal combination comprising Spica Prunellae，Sargassum，Ecklonia Kurome Okam and Airpotato Yam Rhizome may serve as a valuable reference for clinical application.

Lung cancer is not only one of the most common malignancies，but also has the highest mortality rate worldwide，among which non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）is the most common subtype. Radiation therapy is one of the main treatments for patients with advanced NSCLC，and the resistance generated during long-term treatment is the key to radiation therapy failure and poor prognosis. With the widespread application of whole genome and RNA sequencing technology and the in-depth exploration of the biological functions of non-coding RNA（ncRNA），there is growing evidence that ncRNA are key regulators in tumorigenesis and development，and different ncRNAs play a role in promoting or inhibiting tumor radioresistance，which are expected to become a useful markers for tumor diagnosis and new targets for tumor treatment. In this article，recent research progress in ncRNA such as microRNA（miRNA），long non-coding RNA（lncRNA），and circular RNA（circRNA）in the radioresistance of NSCLC was reviewed.

Free fatty acids are important substances for regulating energy metabolism in the body and mainly exert their functions by binding to G protein-coupled receptors（GPRs）on the cell membrane. GPR120 is the receptor for medium and long-chain free fatty acids in mammals. Studies have found that the activation of GPR120 on endothelial cells，vascular smooth muscle cells，and monocytes/macrophages can reduce monocyte adhesion，promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells，regulate the migration and differentiation of macrophages，and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions，potentially resisting atherosclerosis. This article reviews the molecular structure，tissue distribution，ligand types，signal transduction pathways of GPR120，and its research progress in anti-atherosclerotic diseases，aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism of GPR120 in resisting atherosclerosis and its potential value as a therapeutic target.

Based on the high target-to-background ratio（TBR），new imaging agents targeting fibroblast activation protein（FAP）have shown better imaging effects in a variety of tumors. In recent years，with in-depth research，FAP inhibitor（FAPI）has shown great application prospects in tumor imaging and treatment. It can be used as a supplement to the mainstream metabolic imaging agent ¹⁸F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose（¹⁸F-FDG），which provides the possibility of more efficient combination of tumor metabolism and tumor stroma visualization in the future. It is helpful to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment more accurately. This article mainly reviews the application of new FAP imaging agents in various tumors，compares them with existing radiological diagnostic methods，and summarizes the clinical application progress and future potential of tracers specifically targeting FAPI in tumors and non-specific tissues.