Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab， a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） inhibitor， in lowering LDL-C levels in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with mild renal insufficiency. Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease complicated with mild renal insufficiency in Department of Cardiology （estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） 60-90 mL/（min·1.73 m²）） were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into two groups according to the LDL-C lowering strategy. In the experimental group （n=50）， patients were treated with evolocumab， a PCSK9 inhibitor， combined with statins （rosuvastatin calcium tablets）， and their counterparts in the control group （n=42） were treated with statins （rosuvastatin calcium tablets） alone. LDL-C level， renal function indicators， side effects and adverse cardiovascular events at 1 and 3 months were observed between two groups. Results Compared with the control group， the LDL-C level at 1 month was significantly lower in the experimental group （（1.27±0.90） mmol/L vs. （1.75±0.82） mmol/L， P < 0.05）， and the LDL-C level 3 months was even lower （（0.94±0.44） mmol/L vs. （1.53±0.53） mmol/L， P < 0.05）. However， no significant differences were noted in the changes of renal function indicators at l and 3 months between two groups （all P > 0.05）. During 3-month treatment period， no adverse reactions， such as new-onset diabetes mellitus and neurocognitive dysfunction， were observed in both groups. The incidence of cardiovascular events （readmission for unstable angina， acute myocardial infarction and repeated percutaneous coronary intervention） and other adverse reactions （rash and myalgia） did not significantly differ between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions In coronary heart disease patients complicated with mild renal insufficiency， evolocumab combined with rosuvastatin can significantly reduce LDL-C levels at 1 and 3 months and maintain high safety compared with compared to rosuvastatin alone.

Helicobacter pylori （Hp） is a major human pathogen. Hp infection will cause a series of gastrointestinal diseases， such as chronic gastritis， peptic ulcer and gastric cancer， etc. In recent years， with the increasing incidence of these diseases， their etiology and pathogenesis have attracted more and more attention from many scholars around the world. The pathogenic mechanism of cytotoxin-associated gene A （CagA）， one of the virulence genes of Hp， has captivated widespread attention. EPIYA motif and Hp infection-associated gastropathy have become a hot topic. In this article， the relationship between EPIYA motif and gastropathy related to Hp infection was briefly reviewed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics， diagnosis and treatment of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with lung infection. Methods Clinical data of one case of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were retrospectively analyzed. Literature review was performed from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform using “Goodpasture syndrome” and “infection” as search terms from the database inception date to September 2022. Clinical manifestations and prognosis of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were summarized. Results The 51-year-old male patient， was admitted to our hospital due to elevated serum creatinine level for more than one month and blood in sputum for over 10 d. The patient had a cough of yellow-green purulent sputum. Moist rales were heard in bilateral lungs. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis， and anti-glomerular basement membrane IgG antibody was weakly positive. Chest CT scan revealed multiple inflammations in both lungs. The culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed the phenomenon of phagocytosis. Sputum fungal smear and fluorescent staining， alveolar lavage fluid culture， next-generation sequencing （NGS） of alveolar lavage fluid indicated a variety of microbial infections. The diagnosis of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with lung infection was considered. He was discharged after receiving renal replacement， immunosuppression， and anti-infection therapies. Three months later， the patient was transferred to ICU due to “severe pneumonia， septic shock， and respiratory failure” and eventually died. A total of 27 cases of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were researched. The common pathogens of pulmonary infection were invasive pulmonary Aspergillus， Pneumocystis carinii， Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus， etc. Thirteen patients died， and 4 of them died of respiratory failure and/or respiratory infection. Conclusion Extensive attention should be diverted to the risk of infection in patients with Goodpasture syndrome， especially severe lung infection.

Photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a non-invasive treatment method that combines light sources and photosensitizers. It is currently widely applied in clinical practice to treat acne， genital warts， and multiple tumor diseases. The mechanism of PDT is complex. Researches have found that the efficacy of PDT seems to be closely related to the degree of acute inflammation it causes. IL-6 is a common pro-inflammatory factor that belongs to the category of interleukin （IL）. It is produced by fibroblasts， monocytes/macrophages， and T lymphocytes. It exerts multiple effects on inflammation and immune responses. IL-6 can be induced by PDT in vivo and in vitro. In this article， research progress in the application of IL-6 in PDT was reviewed.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of the combination of Vonoprazan and high-dose Amoxicillin in the initial eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp）. Methods Select 200 patients with Hp infection who have not undergone Hp eradication treatment in the past as the research subjects. All patients were randomly divided into the observation group （n = 100） and control group （n = 100） using random number table method. In the observation group， a combination regimen of Vonoprazan （20 mg twice a day） and Amoxicillin （1 g three times a day） was given for 14 days. In the control group， a bismuth quadruple therapy was delivered for 14 days， which included Esomeprazole （20 mg twice a day）， Bismuth Potassium Citrate （220 mg twice a day）， Amoxicillin （1 g twice a day） and Clarithromycin （0.5 g twice a day）. The Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse reactions after medication were compared between two groups. Results Of 200 patients， 11 patients were excluded from subsequent analysis， including 8 cases lost to follow-up and 3 cases with poor compliance of medication. The remaining 189 patients （96 in the observation group and 93 in the control group） completed the entire procedure. According to intention-to-treat （ITT） and per-protocol （PP） set analyses， the Hp eradication rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group （91.0% vs. 79.0%， P_ITT =0.017； 94.8% vs. 84.9%， P_PP= 0.024）. The incidence of adverse reactions did not significantly differ between two groups （4% vs. 5%，χ ² < 0.001，P > 0.999）. Conclusion The combination therapy of Vonoprazan and high-dose Amoxicillin is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for patients with initial Hp infection， which is worthy of promotion in grassroot-level hospitals.

Globally，the incidence of malignant lung tumors is the highest among all cancers，posing a serious threat to human health. Current treatment options for advanced lung cancer have not significantly improved the 5-year survival rate，thus necessitating urgent development of new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis garners notable attention. The initiating mechanisms include the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase and accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxide. These changes collectively result in cell membrane damage，accompanied by an iron-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species production. The aim of this article is to delve into the role of ferroptosis target genes in lung cancer development and to evaluate their potential as therapeutic strategies.

Objective To evaluate the changes in vitamin D levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） and to analyze the correlation between vitamin D and total bile acids （TBA） levels. Methods A total of 60 pregnant women were selected （30 in the normal group and 30 in the ICP group）. Demographic characteristics and perinatal data were recorded and collected. Serum TBA concentration，liver function，total cholesterol，triglyceride and serum 25 （OH） D levels were measured. Results No significant differences were observed in maternal age at pregnancy，body mass index （BMI），ALT，AST，γ-glutamyltransferase levels between two groups （all P > 0.05）. The Apgar scores at 5 minutes of all newborn infants were 10. In the ICP group，the gestational age of pregnant women was younger and the birth weight of newborn infants was lower compared with those in normal group （both P < 0.05）. Serum 25 （OH） D level was （24.84±1.88） μg/L in the ICP group，lower than （31.72±2.39） μg/L in the normal group （P < 0.05）. In the ICP group，25 （OH） D level in the umbilical vein blood was （13.61±1.24） μg/L，lower compared with （21.96±2.69） μg/L in the normal group （P < 0.01）. The 25 （OH） D level in the umbilical vein blood was positively correlated with serum 25 （OH） D level in pregnant women in both groups （normal group：r=0.763，P < 0.001； ICP group：r=0.726，P <0.001）. In the ICP group，serum 25 （OH） D level was negatively correlated with TBA level in the ICP group （r=-0.692，P < 0.001）. There was no correlation between serum 25 （OH） D and TBA levels in normal pregnant women （P > 0.05）. There was no significant differences in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between two groups （both P > 0.05）. Conclusions The vitamin D levels in serum and umbilical vein blood of pregnant women in the ICP group are lower than those of normal pregnant women，which may be related to high TBA level in ICP patients. For ICP pregnant women，supplemental dose of vitamin D may be appropriately increased to promote intrauterine development.

Objective To explore the advantages of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing （ACS） combined with three types of fat-suppressed T₂WI techniques in image quality， scanning time and scheme selection. Methods In 30 patients with low back pain who underwent conventional lumbar magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） plain scan， ACS combined with 5 groups of sagittal （SAG） fat-suppressed T₂WI sequences were added to original examination sequence. Frequency-selective fat saturation （FS）， water-fat separation （WFI） and short tau inversion recovery （STIR） techniques were employed. ACS-SAG-T₂WI-FS （group A， n=30）， Acs-SAG-T₂WI-WFI （group B， n=30）， ACS-SAG-STIR （group C n=30）， SAG-T₂WI-FS （group D， n=30）， SAG-T₂WI-WFI （group E， n=30） and SAG-STIR sequences （group F， n=30） were employed. Objective evaluation indicators of signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and contrast-to-noise ratio （CNR） and subjective evaluation by two radiologists were carried out to assess the effect. Results The SNR and CNR of the fourth vertebra， the fourth and fifth intervertebral discs and the same spinal cord in group A were higher than those in group D. The SNR and CNR of the fourth vertebra， the fourth and fifth intervertebral discs， and the same spinal cord in group B were higher than those in group E. The SNR and CNR of the fourth vertebra， the fourth and fifth intervertebral discs， and the same spinal cord in group C were higher compared with those in group F （all P < 0.01）. The imaging time in group A was shortened by 13.2% compared with that in group D. The imaging time in group B was reduced by 8.9% compared with that in group E. The imaging time in group C was reduced by 12.4% compared with that in group F （all P < 0.01）. The subjective scores by two radiologists for groups A， B and C were significantly higher than those in groups D， E and F （all P < 0.01；The scores of the two physicians were consistent， Kappa=0.972， P <0.01）. Conclusions The combination of ACS and three types of fat-suppressed T₂WI techniques （FS， WFI and STIR） is superior to use of fat-suppressed T₂WI techniques alone. ACS-SAG-T₂WI-FS sequence is recommended with the shortest imaging time and the highest image quality. ACS-SAG-T₂WI-WFI sequence provides multiple groups of phase images， and the time advantage difference is the second choice. ACS-SAG-STIR sequence has the most stable fat-suppression capability， which can be used as the last option.

Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic bone disease and a common orthopedic disorder in elderly patients. High morbidity， disability and mortality rates and medical cost of OP bring huge burden to the patients and their family. Serine/threonine protein kinase（AMPK）/ mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway plays a significant role in cell metabolism and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine monomer or compound can prevent and treat OP by regulating the expression levels of related factors through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway， whereas the specific mechanism remains elusive. In this article， the effect of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway upon osteoblasts and osteoclasts， and the regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine were reviewed， aiming to provide novel perspectives and ideas for prevention and treatment of OP.

The incidence of prostate cancer （PCa） has been increased year by year， mainly occurring in elderly men. Currently， prostate-specific antigen （PSA） is still used as a marker for diagnosing PCa in clinical practice. However， the accuracy and sensitivity of PSA remain relatively low. Identifying more clinical detection parameters for assisting diagnosis becomes a research hotspot. Most of patients with malignant tumors are in a hypercoagulable state. Studies have found that plasma fibrinogen （FIB） is differentially expressed in PCa. In addition， FIB has been considered as a potential tumor-promoting factor in PCa. In this article， the discovery， biological structure， physiological function， pathological changes （inflammation and tumor） and functions of plasma FIB， especially the relationship between plasma FIB and PCa， were systematically reviewed， aiming to provide reference for relevant clinical research.

Objective To analyze potential pathogenic gene mutations related to sebaceous carcinoma （SC） of the parotid gland by whole exome sequencing （WES）. Methods One sample from a patient pathologically diagnosed with SC of the parotid gland and 1 sample from 1 patient with sebaceous adenoma （SA） of scalp were collected and prepared for WES by Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. Suspicious single nucleotide variation sites were selected for mutation conservation and functional analysis. SciClone software was used to track subclone evolution and clonal map information was obtained for each tumor sample. The high-frequency significant gene mutations in the tumor samples were screened by MutSigCV software， and compared with the known driver genes. Results There were 57 driver genes harboring mutations in SC of the parotid gland compared to those of SA of the scalp. Conclusion SC of the parotid gland yields gene mutations and mutation patterns different from malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ApoB/ApoA1 and vitreous hemorrhage （VH） secondary to diabetic retinopathy （DR）. Methods 187 patients with DR from August 2021 to December 2022 were recruited and divided into VH （n=96） and non-VH groups （n=91）. Baseline data were compared between two groups. The risk factors of VH secondary to DR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results There were no significant differences in age， gender， course of disease， body mass index （BMI）， history of hypertension， smoking and drinking between two groups （all P > 0.05）. In the VH group， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c （HbA_1c）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， ApoB/ApoA1 and FIBrinogen （FIB） were significantly higher compared with those in the non-VH group， and the differences were statistically significant （all P < 0.05）， while there were no significant differences in TG， APTT， PT and TT between two groups （all P > 0.05）. HbA_1c （OR=1.438 （1.179-1.864））， ApoB/ApoA1 （OR=25.274（5.699~112.092）） and FIB （OR=1.471（1.022~2.118）） were the risk factors for VH （all P < 0.05）. Conclusions HbA_1c， ApoB/ApoA1 and FIB are closely related to VH. Monitoring blood glucose， lipid and coagulation and timely intervention can delay the progression of DR and reduce the incidence of VH.

Hypothyroidism is not only involved with multiple organs and systems， but also the hematopoietic system. Anemia is the most common hematological involvement， whereas the influence of other cell lines is extremely rare. In this article， the diagnosis and treatment of a 55-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism presenting with pancytopenia as the initial manifestation were reported， and relevant literature review was conducted， aiming to improve clinicians’ diagnosis and treatment levels for this disease.

Phosphatidylinositol-3， 4， 5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1 （PREX1） is a coding gene that is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. As a guanine nucleotide exchange factor （RacGEF） of small GTP binding protein Rac1， PREX1 gene-encoded protein can form PREX1/Rac pathway through activating Rac1， crosstalk with a variety of classical signaling pathways， participate in the regulation of various receptor reactions in the tumor process， affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process of the tumor microenvironment and play a role in tumor proliferation，metastasis and prognosis.

Objective To assess the relationship between pathological features of chronic gastritis and typeⅠHelicobacter pylori （Ⅰ-Hp） and typeⅡ Helicobacter pylori （Ⅱ-Hp） and the value in clinical application. Methods 2 583 samples were selected from patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis by gastric mucosal biopsy. Hp was detected and typed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship betweenⅠ-Hp andⅡ-Hp，and the degree of inflammatory response，activity，intestinal metaplasia and lymphatic follicular formation in chronic gastritis was analyzed. Results There were significant differences in inflammatory response，activity and intestinal metaplasia in chronic gastritis betweenⅠ-Hp andⅡ-Hp infection （all P < 0.05）. Inflammatory activity was an independent risk factor forⅠ-Hp infection （P < 0.05）. Conclusions Ⅰ-Hp andⅡ-Hp infection have different manifestations in inflammatory response，activity and intestinal metaplasia in chronic gastritis. Active inflammation suggests the potential incidence of Ⅰ-Hp infection.

Chung-Jansen syndrome （CHUJANS），an autosomal dominant genetic disorder，is a newly discovered rare obesity syndrome，mainly manifesting as developmental delay，mental retardation，obesity and dysmorphism. We reported one CHUJANS child with obesity and small testes as the main manifestations. The patient had developmental delay，mental retardation，complicated with left renal agenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Genetic testing prompted PHIP gene mutation at c.600+1G>C. The child was diagnosed with CHUJANS. After long-term comprehensive treatment，the long-term quality of life was significantly improved. As Chung-Jansen syndrome is low in prevalence and multi-systemic，this case report expands the spectrum of mutations in CHUJANS，which can deepen clinicians’ understanding of this disease. Early diagnosis and intervention contribute to enhancing clinical prognosis.

Cervical tumors may occur in a variety of benign and malignant tumors. It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis in the absence of other systemic symptoms and pathological biopsy， which is likely to delay the optimal treatment opportunity. Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer presenting with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis accompanied by pain as the initial symptom have been rarely reported in clinical practice. In the present study， a case of esophageal cancer presenting with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis as the initial manifestation was reported. The patient received multi-line treatment. Despite repeated disease progression， the patient obtained 33-month survival. In this article，clinical manifestations， diagnosis and treatment process and prognosis of this patient were reported， aiming to deepen the understanding of lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer， improve the first visit rate， deliver early treatment， thereby obtain higher quality of life and longer survival.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） is an advanced life support modality for patients with respiratory or cardiac failure. During ECMO，various factors impair coagulation function，resulting in an imbalance between procoagulation and anticoagulation，thus increasing the incidence of bleeding and posing a significant challenge to the development of clinical work. In this article，the epidemiology，causes，anticoagulation and monitoring of high-risk bleeding during ECMO were reviewed，aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and associated factors of arthritis self-efficacy in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Consecutive patients with RA who received treatment and follow-up in Department of Rheumatology and Immunology were recruited. Clinical data of RA patients were collected. The arthritis self-efficacy of RA patients was investigated by Arthritis Self-efficacy Scale-8 （ASES-8）. The influencing factors of self-efficacy were assessed by linear regression analysis. Results A total of 400 RA outpatients completed the questionnaire，including 342 females （85.5%） with a mean age of （48.8±12.7） years. The median ASES-8 of outpatients with RA was 59 （47，70）. With the increase of disease activity，the self-efficacy of RA outpatients was decreased successively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that patient global assessment （PtGA），Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） for pain，the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index （HAQ-DI），and use of glucocorticoids in the previous 6 months were associated with the self-efficacy of RA outpatients （all P <0.05）. VAS for pain and follow-up duration by rheumatism specialist showed interaction effect upon the self-efficacy. Conclusions Outpatients with RA receiving regular follow-up have high arthritis self-efficacy，which is associated with disease control and mild dysfunction. Extensive attention should be paid to successful response of patients to early treatment. During long-term follow-up，the outcomes reported by patients should be highlighted.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract， and its precision diagnosis and treatment is a major challenge in clinical practice. With the development of science and technology， artificial intelligence has been applied in the early diagnosis， treatment and prognosis prediction of some diseases， which has high clinical value. Medical imaging is a disciplie to evaluate human health， which consists of two relatively independent directions of medical imaging system and medical image processing. Artificial intelligence based on medical imaging plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this article， research progress in the application of artificial intelligence in precision diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer was reviewed from the aspects of imaging diagnosis， efficacy evaluation， survival prediction and radiogenomics， etc.

Objective To investigate the effect of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio on the all-cause mortality of patients with pulmonary embolism at admission. Methods One hundred and seventy-seven patients with hemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism were retrospectively collected. The time of admission was the start of follow up， June 30， 2022 was the end of follow up， and all-cause death was the outcome. The best cut-off value of ApoB/ApoA1 to predict all-cause death was calculated according to the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve. All patients were assigned into high ratio group （ApoB/ApoA1 ≥0.8） and low ratio group （ApoB/ApoA1 <0.8）. The effect of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio on the prognosis of pulmonary embolism patients was analyzed by univariate and multifactorial Cox regression models， and Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test was used to compare the survival. Results During the follow-up period， 43 patients died with a mortality of 24.3%. The best cut-off of ApoB/ApoA1 was 0.8 according to ROC and the area under the curve （AUC） was 0.805 （95% CI=0.738-0.872）. There were 39 deaths and 4 deaths in high ratio group and low ratio group， respectively， with a mortality of 52.0% and 3.9%， respectively. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that age， hazards stratification， D-Dimer， MPV/D-Dimer， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and ApoB/ApoA1 were significant for the prognosis of pulmonary embolism patients （P < 0.05）. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that age （P = 0.005）， ApoB/ApoA1 ratio （P < 0.001） and BUN （P < 0.001） were independent factors of the prognosis of pulmonary embolism patients. Log-rank test indicated that survival rate in high ratio group was significantly lower than that in low ratio group （χ²=58.166， P <0.001）. Conclusion A higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio at admission is related to the higher risk of death in pulmonary embolism patients， and is an effective factor to predict all-cause mortality in pulmonary embolism patients.

Objective To explore the risk factors of re-positive after eradication therapy in patients with peptic ulcer（PU） complicated with Helicobacter pylori（Hp）infection， and to establish and verify a risk warning. Methods A total of 120 patients with PU complicated with Hp infection who underwent eradication therapy were selected. According to whether the patients were re-positive， they were divided into the re-positive group（n = 17）and non-re-positive group（n = 103）. Logistic regression analysis was performed on potential related factors， and a risk model was constructed and verified. Results The re-positive rate of 120 PU patients complicated with Hp infection after eradication therapy was 14.17%. Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history（OR = 3.255）， alcohol abuse history（OR = 5.170）， NSAID application history（OR = 3.136 ， gastroscopy after eradication therapy（OR = 6.545）， SAS score（OR = 1.119）， SDS score（OR = 1.210）， maximum diameter of ulcer（OR = 4.450）and number of ulcer（OR =1.307）were the independent risk factors for re-positive after eradication therapy in patients with PU complicated with Hp infection（all P < 0.05）. Regular eating habit （OR = 0.034 ） was the independent protective factor（P < 0.05）. The area under the ROC curve （AUC） was 0.949（P < 0.001，95%CI 0.899-0.998）， the sensitivity was 88.20%， the specificity was 92.20%， and the maximum Youden index was 0.804. The prediction accuracy in clinical application was 81.67%. Conclusions The re-positive of PU patients complicated with Hp infection after eradication therapy is affected by multiple factors. The risk warning model established based on these risk factors yields high predictive efficacy.

Objective To analyze the etiology of 22q13 deletion syndrome. Methods Genetic analysis was performed for a baby with 22q13 deletion syndrome using G-banded chromosome karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms array （SNP-array） techniques. Chromosomal karyotype analysis of peripheral blood of parents was also conducted to identify the origin of chromosomal abnormality. Literature review was performed using the keywords of “t（13； 22）” in PubMed，CNKI，Wanfang Data，Chongqing VIP databases. Cases of parental genetic t（13； 22） unbalanced translocation were analyzed. Results The mother’s karyotype was 46，XX，while the father’s karyotype was 46，XY，t（13； 22）（q31； q13.3）. The results of SNP-array analysis showed 35.80 Mb fragment duplication in 13q31.1q34 and 1.10 Mb fragment deletion in 22q13.3 in the premature baby. The karyotype of the premature baby was 46，XY，der（22）t（13； 22）（q31； q13.3）pat. According to literature review，three patients presented with mental retardation，epilepsy，facial deformity and atrial septal defect，etc. One of them died 11 d after birth. Conclusions The child carries a paternally inherited der（22）t（13； 22）（q31； q13.3） translocation. Specifically，35.80 Mb fragment duplication is observed in 13q31.1q34，which is abnormal and pathogenic. 1.10 Mb fragment deletion is noted in 22q13.3，which includes 22q13 deletion syndrome （PMS）.

Objective To investigate the association between different anthropometric parameters and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM），aiming to provide scientific evidence for early prevention of T2DM. Methods 299 pairs of T2DM patients and healthy controls were recruited in this case-control study. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between BMI，waist circumference （WC），waist-hip ratio （WHR） and waist-to-height ratio （WHtR） and the risk of T2DM. Results After potential confounding factors were adjusted，compared with the healthy BMI group （BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m²），the odds ratio （OR，95%CI） in the overweight （BMI 24.0-27.9 kg/m²） and obesity groups （BMI≥28.0 kg/m²） was 2.35 （1.56-3.57） and 6.47 （2.92-14.33），respectively. Compared with the normal WC（male < 85 cm，female < 80 cm），the OR （95%CI） of T2DM risk in the pre-central（male 85-89.9 cm，female 80-84.9 cm） and central obesity （male ≥90 cm，female≥85 cm） groups was 2.99 （1.81，4.95） and 3.88 （2.43，6.22），respectively. The risk of T2DM was 4.35 times （95%CI：2.48-7.64，P < 0.001） higher in the highest WHR group （Q4） and 3.45 times （95%CI：1.94-6.14，P < 0.001） higher in the highest WHtR group （Q4） compared with those in the lowest WHR and WHtR groups （Q1）. Conclusion Overweight，general obesity，pre-central and central obesity may increase the risk of T2DM.

Liver fibrosis is a key factor in the progression from various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis，which is the result of the combined action of multiple types of cells，cytokines，and mediators in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） play an important role in the stage of liver fibrosis. Vitamin D with 1，25-dihydroxy vitamin D₃ as the active form，has been found to be a steroid hormone closely associated with the severity of chronic liver disease，which plays a key role in the regulation of HSCs. Vitamin D can regulate the expression of related target genes and inhibit HSC activation through the TGF-β/SMAD，Wnt/β-catenin，ERK/MAPK，NLRP3 and NF-κB cell signaling pathways，thereby controling the progression of liver fibrosis. In this article，research progress in the relationship between vitamin D and HSCs，the mechanism of vitamin D regulating HSCs in liver fibrosis and anti-fibrosis therapy were reviewed.

Objective To explore the role of arginine-and serine-rich coiled coil 1（RSRC1） in the proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）. Methods The expression of PTEN in ESCC was detected by biogenic analysis. The expression of RSRC1 in ESCC cells was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot（WB）. The effect of RSRC1 on the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells was elucidated by CCK-8， cell migration and invasion tests. The expression of related factors in PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by WB. Results The biogenic analysis showed that PTEN was low in ESCC tissue. Molecular experiments showed low expression of RSRC1 in ESCC cells. Cell experiments showed that RSRC1 knockdown can promote ESCC proliferation and metastasis， and can regulate PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion RSRC1 inhibits ESCC proliferation and metastasis through targeted regulation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. RSRC1 may be a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC.

Osteoporosis （OP） is a bone disease characterized by systemic bone loss and destruction of bone microstructure. The fundamental cause is the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption mediated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts，and bone resorption is greater than bone formation. Autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis，and the change of autophagy level is a key factor affecting bone balance. Studies have confirmed that autophagy-related molecules of Beclin-1 and P62 directly regulate the formation of autophagosomes at different levels，thus affecting the occurrence and development of OP. In this article，the expression mechanism，functional characteristics and targeted therapy of Beclin-1 and P62 in OP were reviewed，aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention，treatment and subsequent research of OP.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury （AKI） in patients with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. Methods Clinical data of 66 patients with SAP were collected in this retrospective study. All patients were divided into the AKI and non-AKI groups according to whether they were complicated with AKI. The risk factors of AKI in patients with SAP were identified by using Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve. Results The overall age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE） Ⅱscore of SAP patients complicated with AKI were higher than those without AKI， but diabetes mellitus was more common in non-AKI patients （all P < 0.05）. Patients in the AKI group had higher levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein （CRP）， systemic inflammatory response index （SIRI）， creatinine （Scr）， CRP/Albumin （Alb） index and D-dimer （DDI） upon admission， whereas had lower fasting triglyceride and glucose simple index （TyG）， Alb， total cholesterol， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and blood calcium levels compared with their counterparts without AKI， and the differences were statistically significant （all P < 0.05）. Stepwise regression analysis showed that increased APACHEⅡ score， increased SIRI index， increased PLR index， decreased SII index and decreased blood calcium were the independent risk factors for SAP patients complicated with AKI （all P < 0.05）. ROC curve results showed that in addition to Scr， APACHEⅡ score， SIRI index and blood calcium had certain diagnostic value in SAP patients complicated with AKI， among which the area under the ROC curve （AUC） of APACHEⅡ score was 0.880 （95% CI 0.787-0.974， optimal cutoff value 11.50）， 0.662 （95% CI 0.521-0.804， optimal cutoff value 10.89） for SIRI index， and 0.754 （95% CI 0.627-0.881， optimal cutoff value 2.07 mmol/L） for blood calcium level （all P < 0.05）. The combination of the above three indexes with Scr could further improve the diagnostic value for AKI in SAP patients， among which the AUC of Scr + blood calcium was the largest， reaching 0.969 （95% CI 0.929-1.000， P < 0.05）. Conclusions APACHEⅡ score， SIRI index， PLR index， SII index and blood calcium level are the independent risk factors of AKI in SAP patients. APACHEⅡ score， SIRI index and blood calcium have diagnostic value in SAP patients complicated with AKI. The combination of these three indexes with Scr can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency for AKI， providing a novel diagnostic approach for AKI in SAP patients.

Objective To identify hub genes associated with ferroptosis in the progression of diabetic nephropathy （DN） through bioinformatics analysis， offering novel insights into DN treatment. Methods Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in DN were screened using RNA sequencing dataset GSE142025， and Gene Ontology （GO） and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA） were utilized for functional annotation. Subsequently， the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis （WGCNA）was conducted to pinpoint key genes. Venn diagrams aided in identifying hub genes among ferroptosis-related genes （FRGs） common to DEGs and key genes. ROC curves were employed to assess the clinical diagnostic potential of these hub genes. Immunohistochemistry （IHC）was conducted to detect the expression levels of hub genes in DN patients and normal kidney tissues. Results 1 916 DEGs were identified between the DN and control （NC） groups. GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in inflammation-related biological processes. GSEA analysis found significant enrichment in processes related to iron ion binding. Among 12 co-expression modules constructed by WGCNA， grey60， turquoise， and grey modules showed the highest correlation with DN. 188 key genes were selected from 3 modules based on the screening criteria， among which 2 were FRGs shared by DEGs， namely ceruloplasmin （CP） gene and lipocalin-2 （LCN2） gene. ROC curves confirmed high clinical diagnostic value of these two genes. IHC results showed upregulated expression of both two genes in DN patient samples （both P < 0.05）， consistent with the findings of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion CP and LCN2 could be involved in the progression of DN by inhibiting ferroptosis， serving as promising biomarkers and treatment targets for DN.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of individualized rehabilitation combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist （GnRH-A） protocol in women with high-risk ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）. Methods Eighty-six patients with high-risk OHSS were selected and randomly divided into the rehabilitation （n=43） and control groups （n=43）. All patients in both groups were treated with GnRH-A regimen to promote ovulation. On this basis，patients in the control group received routine rehabilitation therapy，and their counterparts in the rehabilitation group were given with individualized rehabilitation regimen. The overall incidence of OHSS，length of hospital stay，time of symptom remission，anxiety and depression status and patients’ degree of satisfaction with rehabilitation were compared between two groups. Results After corresponding interventions，the overall incidence of OHSS，length of hospital stay，time of symptom remission，the scores of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression （HAMD） and Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） in the rehabilitation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （all P< 0.05）．The degree of satisfaction in the rehabilitation group was higher compared with that in the control group after corresponding interventions （P <0.05）. Conclusion Individualized rehabilitation combined with GnRH-A protocol can effectively prevent the incidence of OHSS，shorten the length of hospital stay and the duration of discomfort symptoms，improve the psychological status and enhance the patients’ degree of satisfaction with rehabilitation.

Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1 （POMT1） gene-encoded protein participates in the initial step of protein O-mannosylation modification and plays an important role in various physiological processes，such as cell connection and neuronal migration，etc. α-dystroglycanopathy （α-DGP） is a group of muscular dystrophy-related diseases caused by defects in α-dystroglycan （α-DG） O-glycosylation. As one of the causative genes of α-DGP，POMT1 gene is usually closely correlated with clinical phenotype of α-DGP with severe symptoms and poor prognosis. In this article，clinical diagnosis and treatment，genotype-phenotype relationship，and possible pathogenesis of α-DGP associated with POMT1 gene variation were reviewed，aiming to further explore the pathogenic mechanism of POMT1 variation and provide new ideas for the molecular biology-level treatment of POMT1 gene variation-related α-DGP.

Objective To compare the display effect and image quality between synthetic magnetic resonance imaging （SyMRI） and conventional MRI sequences for the collateral branch artery after arterial occlusion in acute ischemic stroke caused by chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion，and analyze the superiority and inferiority of two imaging modalities. Methods MRI findings of 67 cases of acute ischemic stroke induced by chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion were retrospectively analyzed. Conventional MRI sequences included T₂-weighted image （T₂WI），T1 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery （FLAIR），T₂ FLAIR，time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography （TOF-MRA），SyMRI included MAGiC sequence. Paired Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was utilized to compare and analyze the display effect of TOF-MRA and MAGiC phase-sensitive inversion recovery （PSIR） Vessel on the lateral branch artery after arterial occlusion. The signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） between conventional MRI sequences and SyMRI was compared. Image quality was assessed by two independent radiologists using blinded method. The agreement of results was assessed by kappa coefficient. Results The scan time of MAGiC sequence （imaging time 247 s） was 51% shorter than that of conventional MRI sequences （imaging time 438 s）. MAGiC PSIR Vessel showed more collateral branches after arterial occlusion than TOF MRA （P < 0.001）. MAGiC sequences had a higher SNR than conventional MRI sequences （P < 0.001）. The total average score of SyMRI image quality （8.85） was significantly higher than that of conventional MRI sequences （7.32），and the total average score of MAGiC PSIR Vessel image quality （5.32） was higher than that of TOF-MRA （4.82），and the differences were statistically significant （both P < 0.05）. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between two radiologists in results of. Conclusions In acute ischemic stroke caused by chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion，SyMRI scan is less time-consuming than conventional MRI sequence scan. The image quality of SyMRI is better than that of conventional MRI sequence. MAGiC PSIR Vessel has a more significant advantage over TOF MRA in displaying collateral branches of middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Multiple myeloma （MM） is a malignant plasma cell disease with bone pain， renal insufficiency， anemia and hypercalcemia as the main symptoms. It is likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis because of complex clinical manifestations. MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom is rare. In this article， the diagnosis and treatment of one case of IgD MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom were reported. The 48-year-old male patient presented with pain and numbness in the right temporomandibular area as the initial symptoms. He was admitted to different local hospitals. Imaging examination was highly indicative of MM， which was eventually confirmed by bone marrow aspiration and immunofixation electrophoresis. This case prompts that clinicians should deepen the understanding of MM， especially IgD MM that is relatively difficult to diagnose， aiming to lower the risk of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

White matter hyperintensity （WMH） is one of the imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD）. Recent studies have found certain relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment. In this article，the mechanism of WMH formation，the relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment，the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by WMH were reviewed，aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the changes of bone metabolism in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal period in re-pregnant women， aiming to provide reference for calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in re-pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women who underwent regular obstetric examination were enrolled and divided into the re-pregnant group （n=100） and first pregnant group （n=100） according to their self-reported birth frequency. Patients in each group were divided into three subgroups according to age （25-30 years old， 31-35 years old and 36-40 years old）. Bone metabolism indexes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal period were compared between two groups. Bone metabolism in pregnant women of different ages was also compared. Bone mineral density （BMD） was measured in the puerperal period， and the pregnancy complications of pregnant women with different bone metabolism were compared. Results The β-collagen degradation product （β-CTX） level in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal period in the re-pregnant group was higher， whereas the level of carboxy-terminal propeptide （PICP） of type I procollagen was lower than those in the first pregnant group （both P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences in the serum parathyroid hormone （PTH）， N-terminal fragment of osteocalcin （N-MID）， β-CTX and PICP levels in pregnant women of different ages during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal period （all P >0.05）. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃（25（OH）D₃） in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal period were the highest in re-pregnant women aged 25-30 years （all P < 0.05）. The incidence of hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus in patients with abnormal bone mass during pregnancy was higher than that in those with normal bone mass （both P < 0.05）. Conclusions The β-CTX levels in the second and third trimesters and puerperal period of re-pregnant women are higher， whereas the PICP levels are lower compared with those in first pregnant women. Age and parity can affect partial bone metabolism indexes， and women with abnormal bone mass have a higher incidence of pregnancy complications.

H-type hypertension is accompanied by elevated homocysteine （Hcy） （≥10 μmol/L） in the blood， which synergistically increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases with hypertension， especially stroke. Approximately 75% of hypertensive patients in China are H-type， which is closely associated with the characteristics of Chinese population. Early screening and diagnosis of H-type hypertension and accurate prevention and treatment are of significance. Folic acid supplementation based on blood pressure reduction can effectively reduce the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients. The effects of folic acid supplementation on stroke prevention vary among different populations. Screening patients with a higher cost-benefit ratio can significantly improve prevention and treatment efficiency. With the proposal of H-type hypertension concept， more and more related studies have been conducted， which provides valuable clues for elucidating relevant mechanisms. It is necessary to carry out further in-depth research to expand and supplement related theories of H-type hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the rehabilitation effect of innovative mirror therapy （MT） on the upper limb function and daily living activity ability of stroke patients. Methods Sixty patients with impaired hand function after stroke were enrolled and divided into the intervention （n = 30） and control groups （n = 30） according to the random number table method. Patients in the intervention group received conventional rehabilitation training combined with innovative MT， and those in the control group received conventional rehabilitation training and conventional MT. Before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment， the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for the upper limb （FMA-UE）， the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for the wrist and fingers （FMA-WH）， and the modified Barthel Index （MBI） were evaluated to compare the rehabilitation effects between two groups. Results After 4 weeks of treatment， the FMA-UE， FMA-WH， and MBI scores of patients in two groups were higher than those before treatment （all P < 0.05）. The FMA-UE， FMA-WH， and MBI scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group （50.00 （25.75， 57.25） vs.24.00 （9.75， 51.50）， 12.00（1.75， 14.75） vs. 0（0， 12.50）， 24.50（13.00， 28.75） vs.13.00（4.75， 21.00）， all P < 0.05）. The differences before and after treatment of FMA-UE， FMA-WH and MBI scores in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with traditional MT， innovative MT yields higher efficacy in improving the upper limb function and enhancing daily living capability of patients with impaired hand function after stroke.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing poor recovery of renal function in patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis after relief of obstruction， providing evidence for predicting the recovery of renal function. Methods Clinical data of 55 patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis and glomerular filtration rate （GFR） < 10 mL/min admitted to Tungwah Hospital from 2015 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrostomy for temporary relief of the obstruction. Based on the recovery of renal function， all patients were divided into the recovery group and non-recovery group， and the factors influencing renal function recovery after nephrostomy were collected and analyzed. Results Among 55 patients treated with percutaneous nephrostomy for severe hydronephrosis， renal function was recovered in 30 cases （54.5%）， and poor recovery in 25 cases （45.5%）. Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in terms of gender， side， body mass index （BMI）， history of diabetes mellitus， history of hypertension， pre-nephrostomy GFR， and urinary pH of the affected kidney between the recovery and non-recovery groups （all P > 0.05）. However， there were significant differences in age， renal parenchymal thickness， ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR， presence of renal infection， and post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney between two groups （all P < 0.05）. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a pre-nephrostomy ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR （OR=0.24， 95%CI 0.06-0.98） and a post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney （OR=0.04， 95%CI 0.01-0.25） were the independent influencing factors of poor recovery of renal function after nephrostomy. Conclusions Partial patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis and a GFR <10 mL/min can obtain renal function recovery after temporary relief of obstruction via percutaneous nephrostomy. The pre-nephrostomy ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR <10% and post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney <400 mL/day are the independent influencing factors for poor recovery of renal function， which can guide clinicians in predicting renal outcome.

Condyloma latum is a typical lesion of secondary syphilis，which usually appears in the vicinity of the initial chancre. It is found that treponema pallidum load in condyloma latum is significantly higher than that in other secondary syphilis. We report a case of mesosyphilis presented as giant flat condyloma latum in vulvar and perianal areas. A 17-year female patient came to our clinic，complaining of plaques in vulvar and perianal areas more than 2 months. Physical examination showed giant red moist plaques in vulvar and perianal areas. The titer of non-specific antibody for syphilis was 1∶64 and the specific antibody test for syphilis showed a value of 189.000 COI. The patient was diagnosed as secondary syphilis and treate with benzathine penicillin. The rash subsided after 3-week treatment. This case of condyloma latum with giant red plaques was easily misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminatum.

Objective To analyze the albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） and differences in CSF protein levels in Guillain-Barré syndrome （GBS）patients with various types of antecedent infections and investigate the correlation between antecedent infections and increased CSF protein levels in GBS patients. Methods Clinical data and CSF analysis results of 198 GBS patients were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect 14 types of infectious pathogens in the serum of GBS patients. The proportion of albuminocytologic dissociation and the differences in CSF protein levels were analyzed in GBS patients with different antecedent infections. Results In total，55.1% （109/198） of GBS patients had serological positivity for infectious pathogens，23.7% （47/198） for Campylobacter jejuni，20.7% （41/198） for Influenza A virus，15.2% （30/198） for Influenza B virus. Among them，18.7% （37/198） of GBS patients had serological positivity for two or more pathogens. In total，73.7% （146/198） of GBS patients had albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF. Among single pathogen-positive patients，83.3% （25/30） of Campylobacter jejuni positive patients showed albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF，100% （18/18） of Influenza A virus patients，6/7 of influenza B virus patients，4/5 of Hepatitis A virus patients，4/5 of Dengue virus patients，4/4 of Mycoplasma pneumoniae patients，1/1 of Epstein-Barr virus patients，1/1 of herpes simplex virus patients，and 1/1 of Varicella-zoster virus patients had albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF. Among patients infected with two or more pathogens，62.2% （23/37） showed albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF，while 66.3% （59/89） of GSB patients without antecedent infection had albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF. The positive rates of albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF exhibited significant differences among patients without and with various types of antecedent infections （P = 0.007），whereas no significant difference was noted in CSF protein levels （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF of GBS patients is correlated with the type of antecedent infection. The highest proportion of albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF is observed in patients with Influenza A virus infections.

Low triiodothyronine syndrome （LT₃S） refers to the abnormal metabolism of thyroid hormones associated with critical illness， but without obvious symptoms of hypothyroidism. LT₃S is closely associated with many critical diseases， such as severe burns， etc. During the occurrence and development of critical illness， many factors can induce LT₃S by affecting the secretion， transfer and metabolism of thyroid hormones. LT₃S is a risk factor for the development of critical illness and the occurrence of complications. It is a good indicator for evaluating the severity and prognosis of critical diseases. In this article， the pathogenesis， relationship with critical illness and treatment progress of LT₃S were reviewed.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy （PEG/J） is an effective enteral nutrition tube feeding approach for upper gastrointestinal stenosis complicated with obstruction，which is a safe，convenient，efficacious and economical procedure. The intake of a strong acid will cause upper gastrointestinal tract stenosis，stomach cavity contracture deformation，and stomach position change，which brings significant challenges to PEG/J. In this article，a 63-year-old female patient suffered from severe upper gastrointestinal stricture and gastric position change caused by accidental administration of strong acid. PEG/J was performed in this patient by overcoming significant challenges. Subsequently，she successfully received enteral nutrition. This case may provide certain reference for clinicians.

Isthmin-1 （ISM1） belongs to the Isthmin gene family. It is expressed in various tissues and has multiple biological functions. ISM1 is involved in growth and development， metabolism， immunity， tumorigenesis and other physiological and pathological processes， which is associated with a variety of lung diseases， including acute respiratory distress syndrome， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis， etc. In this article， the structure， biological function of ISM1 and its role in pulmonary diseases were reviewed， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ISM1-related diseases.

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the lung， which can cause great health problems and socioeconomic burden. In recent decades， the prevalence of asthma in China has been increasing， and multiple factors have synergistically affected the progress of asthma. More and more studies have found that lipid metabolism disorders play an important role in the development of asthma. High density lipoprotein （HDL） has the functions of reverse cholesterol transport （RCT）， regulation of inflammation and anti-oxidation， and is also involved in the regulation of the immune system and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that serum HDL is associated with the occurrence of asthma. The level of HDL in patients with severe asthma and acute exacerbation of asthma is low.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of diabetic retinopathy （DR） in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Huanong community from Guangzhou，aiming to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment of DR. Methods Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the health records of residents from Huanong community in Guangzhou during 2022 were selected in this study. Baseline data，disease history，laboratory and ocular examination results were obtained. The prevalence of DR and vision-threatening DR （VTDR） was investigated. Risk factors of the incidence and progression of DR were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of DR was 17.46% and 4.96% for VTDR in Huanong community. There were significant differences in age，waist circumference，diabetes duration，glycated hemoglobin（GHbA_1c），triglycerides and 25-hydroxyvitamin D between non-DR and DR groups （all P < 0.05）. Statistical significance was observed in waist circumference，diabetes duration，GHbA1c，total cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D between non-VTDR and VTDR groups （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that long duration of diabetes，high GHbA_1c，large waist circumference and decrease of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were high risk factors for the development of DR. Conclusion Long duration of diabetes，high GHbA_1c，large waist circumference and decrease of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are the main risk factors of DR in Huanong community from Guangzhou.

Human papillomavirus （HPV） infection in men can severely affect male health. HPV is closely associated with condyloma acuminatum，penile cancer，anal cancer，oral cavity and oropharyngeal diseases，etc. Studies have shown that HPV vaccine exerts favorable preventive effect on male infectious diseases，especially for special populations. However，low awareness of HPV vaccination among men and the shortage of HPV vaccine supply have led to unsatisfactory HPV vaccination rates among men. In this article，HPV infection in men，preventive effect of HPV vaccination on HPV infection-related diseases and potential barriers of HPV vaccination in men were reviewed. Suggestions were given to promote HPV vaccination in men. Health education about HPV vaccination，related medical counseling services and vaccine development should be strengthened to increase the HPV vaccination rate among men.

Objective To enhance clinicians’ diagnosis and treatment capability for autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 （APS-2），and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods A 46-year-old female APS-2 patient with polyendocrine crisis was reported. Using the key words of “autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome” “diabetic acute complications” and “hyperthyroidism crisis” ，relevant literatures were searched from PubMed，SinoMed，CNKI，Wanfang Data and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Data of APS patients complicated with diabetic acute complications and hyperthyroidism crisis were collected and analyzed. Results The main manifestations of this patient were repeated polyuria and polydipsia for 18 years. She was admitted due to nausea and vomiting for half a day. Relevant examinations suggested the signs of diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with lactic acidosis and hyperthyroidism crisis，and the diagnosis of APS-2 was confirmed. Only 2 cases of APS-3 combined with acute diabetic complications and hyperthyroidism crisis were found in the literature，no APS-2 or other APS types patient complicated with diabetic acute complications and hyperthyroidism crisis was searched. Conclusions APS-2 patients complicated with diabetic acute complications and hyperthyroidism crisis are rare，which is likely to miss diagnosis and delay the diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should improve relevant diagnosis and treatment capability. Prompt treatment contributes to favorable prognosis.

Hypertension is a serious public health problem worldwide and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive patients are constantly complicated with cardiovascular disease. Effective blood pressure control could improve clinical prognosis of these patients. In June 2023， 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension were released with updated recommendations for the timing of starting antihypertensive therapy. For patients with normal high-value blood pressure with prior cardiovascular disease， the guidelines recommend initiating antihypertensive therapy from 130/80 mmHg. The 2023 edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Hypertension also recommends that the target blood pressure for those with high and very high cardiovascular risk can be further reduced to less than 130/80 mmHg. This suggests that greater clinical benefit can be achieved from intensive blood pressure control in hypertensive patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease. In recent years， multiple studies have shown the advantages of intensive blood pressure management in hypertensive patients. In this article， the progress in clinical studies related to intensive blood pressure control in hypertensive populations complicated with different cardiovascular diseases was reviewed， aiming to provide insight and evidence for intensive antihypertensive treatment in these patients.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a common recurrent disease and the treatment of GERD is challenging. Chronic heartburn and/or reflux symptoms seriously affect the quality of daily life of patients. Studies have shown that GERD is closely associated with the impairment of anti-reflux barrier of the esophagus，of which mucin （MUC） is the main component. The role of MUC in the pathogenesis of GERD and influencing factors were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the correlation between early growth response factor 3（Egr3）， pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease （CHD）. Methods A total of 138 patients with confirmed CHD were collected， all of whom underwent coronary angiography and were divided into 2 groups based on the results of coronary angiography and Gensini score， including 66 patients in the mild stenosis group and 72 patients in the severe stenosis group， and 47 subjects with normal coronary angiography results were selected as the control group. Serum levels of Egr3， IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The general clinical data of the subjects were collected， and the differences of Egr3， IL-6 and TNF-α levels among all groups were compared to explore the relationship between the levels of EGR3 and Gensini scores. Results The serum levels of Egr3 and IL-6 in severe stenosis group were higher than those in control group and mild stenosis group， and the level of TNF-α in severe stenosis group was higher than that in control group， with statistical significance （all P < 0.05）. The subject operation characteristic （ROC） curve showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of Egr3， IL-6 and TNF-α were 0.769， 0.784 and 0.565， respectively， and Egr3 had a good predictive value for CHD. Conclusion Egr3， IL-6 and TNF-α are highly expressed in CHD patients， and Egr3 can be used as an indicator to judge the severity of CHD patients.