Preterm birth is a major factor for neonatal mortality. However, the etiology of preterm birth is complicated, and the pathogenesis remains elusive. Infection in pregnant women is a high risk factor and significantly associated with the occurrence of preterm birth. In this article, the impact of pathogenic infections during pregnancy, such as bacteria, virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia upon the preterm birth was reviewed, aiming to provide evidence for risk assessment and effective treatment, thereby reducing the incidence of preterm birth in pregnant woman infected with pathogenic microorganism.
In China, gastric bezoars are mainly persimmon phytobezoar. The most common risk factor of gastric bezoars is the history of gastric resection, followed by excessive intake of fiber-rich food, such as persimmons. In addition, gastroparesis in patients with diabetes mellitus or long-term administration of acid-inhibitory drugs are also important factors. Clinical manifestations mainly include dyspepsia, upper abdominal discomfort, intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gastric ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. It is likely to be neglected in the early stage. At present, the treatment methods of gastric bezoars consist of drug therapy, endoscopic lithotomy and surgical treatment, etc. Along with the development of endoscopic lithotomy, it has become the most optimal treatment method. In the traditional Chinese medicine, the interventions which can promote the stone excretion and accelerate the digestion are primarily adopted in the treatment of gastric bezoars. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is efficacious, convenient and cheap, and yields mild side effect in treating gastric phytobezoars. In this article, the risk factors and the research progress on the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of gastric bezoars were investigated, aiming to provide novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of gastric bezoars.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the anterolateral thigh flap in the reconstruction of buccal defects.Methods The buccal defects of 38 buccal cancer patients were reconstructed by the anterolateral thigh flap after radical tumor resection. The survival rate of flaps after reconstruction was observed. A survey was conducted by using University of Washington quality of life questionnaire （UW-QOL） in all patients before and at 6 months after surgery.Results The minimal flap size was 6 cm×7 cm and the maximal size was 12 cm×6 cm among 38 cases. The survival rate of anterolateral thigh flaps was 97% （37/38）. The functional results of swallowing, mouth opening and speech were excellent. Patients were satisfied with facial and thigh appearance with a satisfaction rate of 92.1% （35/38）. The scars in donor site were well concealed. The UW-QOL sub-scores of pain, swallowing, mood and anxiety were significantly improved at postoperative 6 months compared with preoperative levels （all P < 0.05）, whereas appearance, entertainment, shoulder function, saliva, vitality, chewing, speech and taste functions did not significantly differ before and after surgery （all P > 0.05）. Three patients developed the metastasis and recurrence of cervical lymph node. Two of them survived after treatment and one patient died.Conclusion The anterolateral thigh flap can be utilized to reconstruct the buccal defects after radical resection, which yields high safety, high survival rate, mild trauma to the donor site and relatively concealed donor site.
Objective To explore the biomechanical feasibility of external locking plate in the treatment of proximal tibial fractures, and to provide theoretical guidance for clinical application. Methods CT imaging data of the lower limbs of 1 volunteer were collected. The virtual three-dimensional model reconstruction of normal tibia and fibula, internal fixation with locking plate and external fixation with locking plate were performed, respectively. The Abaqus software was utilized to set the boundary conditions and apply 150 N longitudinal static load to simulate the stress distribution and displacement of three unilateral lower limb models when an adult weighed 60 kg was standing with half load.Results The maximum stress of the normal tibiofibular model was 7.7 MPa at half load, which was located at the distal end of tibiofibula. The overall maximum stress of the internal fixation model with locking plate and the fixation model with external locking steel plate were 214.1 MPa and 351.8 MPa, which were located at the contact site between the proximal screw and the plate. The overall displacement of the fixation model with external locking plate was larger than those of the internal fixation model with locking plate and the normal tibiofibular model. The maximum displacement of these three models was 1.9 mm, 0.5 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The overall stiffness was 78.9 N/mm, 300.0 N/mm and 115.4 N/mm, respectively.Conclusions Although the external locking plate bears greater stress and generates larger displacement, its strength is within a safe range and its rigidity is closer to that of normal tibia and fibula. Therefore, external locking plate fixation is a feasible approach in biomechanics.
Objective To investigate the effect of STAT3 inhibitor of Stattic on the proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage repair of acute myeloid leukemia U937 and HL60 cell lines.Methods U937 and HL60 cells were treated with different concentrations of Stattic for 24 h. The proliferation activity of leukemia cells was detected by CCK8 assay. The apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage and DNA damage repair of leukemia cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results The proliferative activity of U937 and HL60 cells was decreased with the increase of Stattic concentration （both P < 0.001）. Stattic treatment at a concentration of 1, 2.5 and 5 μM could induce the apoptosis of HL60 cells （all P < 0.001）. However, Stattic treatment at a concentration of 2.5 and 5 μM could induce the apoptosis of U937 cells （both P < 0.001）. The apoptosis ratio of both U937 and HL60 cells was increased with the increase of Stattic concentration. Stattic treatment at a concentration of 2.5 and 5 μM could arrest the U937 cell cycle in G2/M phase （both P < 0.05）, whereas decreased the percentage of G0/G1 phase （both P < 0.01）. Stattic treatment with a concentration of 1 and 2.5 μM could arrest the HL60 Cell cycle in S phase, whereas decreased the percentage of G2/M and G1/G0 phases （all P < 0.05）. The percentage of SubG1 phase of HL60 cells was increased when treated with Stattic at a concentration of 5μM. The fluorescence intensity ofγ-H2AX in U937 and HL60 cells treated with Stattic remained at a relatively high level at 6 h after etoposide-induced DNA double-strand break （both P < 0.001）.Conclusion Stattic treatment can promote cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage in leukemia cells and hindering the repair.
Objective To investigate the effect of hemodialysis （HD） and peritoneal dialysis （PD） on intestinal flora in patients with end-stage renal disease （ESRD）.Methods A total of 109 subjects were divided into 4 groups： 19 healthy controls （control group）, 38 ESRD patients without dialysis （non-dialysis group）, 25 ESRD patients with continuous PD （PD group） and 27 ESRD patients with continuous HD （HD group）. The composition and function of intestinal microflora in the stool samples of the patients were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Compared with the healthy controls, Simpson index was significantly increased of α diversity of intestinal flora in ESRD patients without dialysis （P < 0.05）. The Observed species index, Chao1 index and Simpson index of α diversity of intestinal flora did not differ among the non-dialysis, PD and HD groups （all P > 0.05）. β diversity analysis revealed that the species composition significantly differed among four groups （all P < 0.05）. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant species in the control and non-dialysis groups. Compared with the non-dialysis group, the proportion of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in the HD group （P < 0.01）. Among them, 8 Bacteriaceae significantly differed in the classification of intestinal flora at the family level among four groups （all P < 0.05）, and the proportion of Prevotellaceae was reduced in PD and HD patients. Compared with the non-dialysis ESRD patients, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae was increased, whereas that of Desulfovibrionaceae and Porphyromonadaceae was decreased in the HD patients. The proportion of Rikenellaceae was decreased in the PD patients （all P < 0.05）. Compared with healthy subjects, the proportion of Porphyromonadaceae was significantly increased in non-dialysis ESRD patients （P < 0.05）. The proportion of Erysipelotrichaceae was increased in the intestines of non-dialysis ESRD, PD and HD patients. The proportion of Alcaligenaceae and Veillonellaceae was similar in the intestinal tracts of healthy controls, non-dialysis ESRD and PD patients, but significantly decreased in the HD patients （all P < 0.05）.Conclusion Hemodialysis dialysis and peritoneal dialysis do not significantly destroy the diversity of intestinal flora, but it changes the composition and quantity of intestinal flora in the ESRD patients.
Objective To evaluate the effect of oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy on the liver fibrosis of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 123 patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer were collected. All patients were divided into the chemotherapy group （chemotherapy regimen containing oxaliplatin, n = 85） and the non-chemotherapy group （did not receive chemotherapy or failed to complete the chemotherapy, n = 38）. Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）, the fibrosis index based on the four factors （FIB-4）, liver volume, spleen volume and liver density, and other adverse reactions were statistically compared between two groups before and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation, respectively.Results In the chemotherapy group, APRI and FIB-4 were significantly increased at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months （all P < 0.017）. Liver density and spleen volume were considerably increased at 3 and 6 months after operation （all P < 0.017）, whereas decreased to preoperative level at postoperative 12 months. The liver volume did not significantly differ before and after operation （P > 0.017）. In the non-chemotherapy group, APRI, FIB-4, liver density, liver volume and spleen volume did not significantly differ before and after operation （all P > 0.017）. The APRI and liver density in the chemotherapy group were remarkbaly higher than those in the non-chemotherapy group （both P < 0.05）. The FIB-4 score in the chemotherapy group at postoperative 6 months （at the end of chemotherapy） was significantly higher than that in the non-chemotherapy group （P < 0.05）.Conclusions Application of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy affects the liver fibrosis of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer. The effect reaches the peak at the end of chemotherapy. However, the liver fibrosis of patients can gradually recover within 1 year after surgery.
Objective To investigate the curative effect of endoscopic fibrin sealantin the treatment of upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding.Methods 84 patients treated by emergency endoscopic treatment for upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding were selected. The patients treated with fibrin sealant were included （n = 40, observation group） and treated with adrenaline combined with hot hemostatic forceps were included （n = 44, control group）. The completion rate of endoscopic surgery, surgical time, the success rate of hemostasis and the 72 h rebleeding rate in the two groups were observed.Results The operative completion rate of the observation group was higher than control group （100.0% vs. 86.4%, P = 0.027）. The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group [（3.6 ± 0.6） min vs. （8.6±1.0） min, P < 0.001）. The hemostasis rates of the observation group and the control group were 95.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The 72h rebleeding rates of the observation group and the control group were 10.5% and 0%, respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups （both P > 0.05）. Conclusions Fibrin sealant is effective in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer bleeding, and the surgical time is short. It is especially suitable for patients who cannot tolerate long-time treatment. It is a relatively better endoscopic hemostatic method.
Objective To investigate the application value of dual-source computed tomography （CT） combined with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） detection in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Methods A total of 102 patients with thyroid nodules were selected as the study subjects. All patients received dual-source CT, thyroid function and pathological examinations. All patients were assigned into the malignant （n = 59） and benign thyroid nodule groups （n = 43）. The results of dual-source CT and TSH detection were statistically compared between two groups. Pathological examination outcomes were regarded as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic efficiency among dual-source CT, serum TSH and two combined in assessing the nature of thyroid nodules.Results The iodine value of the normal tissues around the thyroid nodules was significantly higher than that of the thyroid nodules （P < 0.05）. The iodine value of the malignant thyroid nodules was remarkably lower compared with that of the benign thyroid nodules （P < 0.05）. The serum TSH level in the malignant thyroid nodules was significantly higher than that in the benign thyroid nodules （P < 0.05）. The consistency rate of two combined was considerably higher than that of TSH detection alone （P < 0.017）. Pathological examination outcomes were considered as the gold standard. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of two combined was remarkably higher compared with those of dual-source CT or serum TSH detection alone （all P < 0.017）.Conclusion Dual-source CT combined with serum TSH detection yields high diagnostic value in evaluating the nature of thyroid nodules.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intermittent non-invasive ventilation treatment of the moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） at outpatient.Methods Clinical data of 456 patients with moderate to severe COPD in stable stage were collected. Among them, 225 patients were enrolled in the non-invasive ventilation treatment group and 231 in the control group. The pulmonary ventilation function, 6-min walking distance （6MWD）, the number of episodes of acute exacerbation, length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, drug cost and examination fee were recorded. The scores of Modified Medical Research Council （mMRC） dyspnea scale and the assessment of exercise tolerance were assessed.Results During 3-year treatment, the 6MWD was significantly increased year by year and the scores of exercise tolerance and mMRC were elevated in the non-invasive ventilation treatment group compared with those in the control group （all P < 0.05）. Compared with the control group, the number of episodes of acute exacerbation, hospitalization cost, length of hospital stay, drug cost and examination fee were significantly lower in the non-invasive ventilation treatment group （all P < 0.05）. In the control group, 7 patients died in the 1 st year, 2 cases died in the 2 nd year and 5 patients died in the 3 rd year, whereas no patient died in the non-invasive ventilation treatment group. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival in the non-invasive ventilation treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group （all P <0.05）. Conclusion Application of non-invasive ventilation can increase exercise tolerance, reduce the re-hospitalization cost and enhance long-term clinical prognosis of patients with moderate and severe COPD in stable stage.
Objective To investigate the effect of Guizhi fuling pills on the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis （CNP） in rat models and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the physiological saline, model and drug treatment groups （n = 5 for each group）. After accustomed to the feeding, 50 μl of physiological saline was injected into the bilateral ventral lobes of the prostate in the physiological saline group. In both model and drug treatment groups, 50 μl of 5% formalin was injected into the bilateral ventral lobes of the prostate to establish the rat models of prostatitis. In the drug treatment group, 0.5 g /（kg·d） of Guizhi fuling pills suspension was administered to the stomach at 2 days before inducing prostatitis. At 30 days after drug administration, the bladder pressure was measured and the bladder and prostate tissues were collected. The relative expression levels of nerve growth factor （NGF）, P2X2 receptor, transient receptor potential channel A1 （TRPA1）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, cyclooxygenase 2 （COX2） and estrogen receptor （ER） mRNA were measured by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR. Histological examination was carried out.Results Compared with the physiological saline group, the micturition interval was shorter, the frequency of non-voiding contraction during each cycle was increased, the maximum voiding pressure was lower and the amount of residual urine was less in the model group （all P < 0.05）. In the drug treatment group, all these parameters were significantly improved compared with those in the model group （all P < 0.05）. The mast cells and lymphocytes infiltrating into the matrix and acini of irregular shape could be seen in the prostate tissue of rats in the model group, whereas no such changes were found in the drug treatment group. Compared with the physiological saline group, the relative expression levels of NGF, P2X2 and TRPA1 mRNA in the bladder mucosa, and TNF-α, iNOS and COX2 mRNA in the ventral lobes of the prostate were significantly up-regulated in the model group （all P < 0.05）. The expression levels of these genes in the drug treatment group were considerably down-regulated than those in the model group （all P < 0.05）. In addition, the relative expression of ERβ mRNA and the ERβ/ERα ratio in the model group were significantly lower, whereas the relative expression of ERα was remarkably higher than those in the physiological saline group （all P < 0.05）. However, the relative expression of ERβ mRNA and the ERβ/ERα ratio in the drug treatment group were significantly higher, whereas the relative expression of ERα was remarkably lower compared those in the model group （all P < 0.05）. In the physiological saline and drug treatment groups, the epithelial nuclei and ventral lobe cells of the prostate were positive for ERβ staining, and the staining intensity was weakened in the model group.Conclusion Guizhi fuling pills can mitigate the prostatitis and alleviate bladder overactivity induced by CNP probably by activating the ERβ and increasing the ERβ/ERα ratio in the prostate.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the quadruple therapy containing berberine hydrochloride in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp）-positive functional dyspepsy （FD）. Methods A total of 258 FD patients with positive Hp were recruited and divided into the control and observation groups according to different treatment methods. In the control group, standard quadruple therapy was given （esomeopram magnesium enteric-coated tablets + bismuth potassium cirtrate + amoxicillin + clarithromycin）. In the observation group, clarithromycin was replaced by berberine hydrochloride. The eradication rate of Hp, remission rate of the symptoms and incidence rate of adverse reactions were statistically compared between two groups by using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Results ITT and PP analyses yielded consistent results. The eradication rate of Hp （ITT： 91.3% vs. 79.0%, $\chi$ 2 = 7.422, P = 0.006. PP： 91.2% vs. 82.4%,$\chi$ 2 = 4.285, P = 0.038）, and the remission rate of symptoms （ITT： 65.1% vs. 48.4%,$\chi$ 2 = 7.097, P = 0.008. PP： 65.1% vs. 50.4%, $\chi$ 2 = 5.397, P = 0.020） in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was remarkably lower than that in the control group （ITT： 8.7% vs. 19.4%,$\chi$ 2 = 5.859, P = 0.015. PP： 8.7% vs. 20.2%, $\chi$ 2 = 6.539, P = 0.011）. Conclusion The quadruple therapy containing berberine hydrochlorideis yields high clinical efficacy in treating FD, which is worthy of clinical application.
Objective To evaluate the application value of Kyoto gastritis classification in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection based on the observation of mucosal features under white light endoscope.Methods A total of 584 patients who simultaneously received white light endoscopy and 13C or 14C urea breath test （UBT） were recruited in this investigation. The Kyoto gastritis classification was adopted. Hp infection was diagnosed by observing the mucosal features under white light endoscope. The results were statistically compared with 13C or 14C UBT. The results between two detection methods was calculated. Results Patients with mucosal features including diffuse redness, spotty redness and mucosal swelling under white light endoscope were diagnosed with Hp infection. Those with regular arrangement of collecting venules , hemorrhagic erosion and fundic gland polyposis were not infected by Hp. The gastric mucosal changes including at least one of the diffuse redness, spotty redness and mucosal swelling were considered as positive Hp under endoscope. Compared with UBT, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC）, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） of Hp infection under white light endoscope were 0.783, 77.44 %, 79.31 %, 75.74 % and 80.83 %, respectively. The overall consistency rate was 78.46 %.Conclusion Kyoto gastritis classification can be helpful in diagnosing Hp infection when observing gastric mucosal morphology under white light endoscope.
Objective To compare the analgesic effect and safety of oxycodone and oxycodone combined with tropisetron after 1 470-nm diode laser enucleation of the prostate （DiLEP）. Methods A total of 102 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） scheduled to undergo 1 470 nm DiLEP were enrolled and assigned into A （oxycodone, n = 50） and B groups （oxycodone combined with tropisetron, n = 52） according to the medicine of postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA）. The visual analogue scale （VAS） score, Ramsay sedation score and the satisfactory rate of the analgesia at different time points after surgery were statistically compared between two groups. The incidence of postoperative restlessness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, hypersomnia, skin pruritus and alternative adverse reactions was observed between two groups. Results All 1 470-nm DiLEP were successfully performed in all 102 BPH patients. No patient was switched to open surgery. The VAS score, Ramsay score and satisfactory rate of analgesia did not significantly differ between two groups at each postoperative time point （all P > 0.05）. The incidence rate of severe vomiting within postoperative 48 h in the B group was significantly lower than that in the A group （P < 0.05）, whereas the incidence rate of other adverse reactions did not significantly differ between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions Oxycodone can be utilized as postoperative PCIA after 1 470-nm DiLEP, which yields effective analgesic effect and high safety. Oxycodone combined with tropisetron can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of curettage with self-made subcutaneous separator in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.Methods A total of 70 patients with axillary osmidrosis were divided into the study group （n = 35） and control group （n = 35）. In the study group, patients received curettage with self-made subcutaneous separator and those in the control group were treated with subcutaneous excision with a small incision. All patients were followed up 6 months after corresponding treatment. Cure rate, operation time, incidence rate of complications, postoperative recurrence rate and aesthetic appearance of incision were statistically compared between two groups.Results In the study group, the cure rate of axillary osmidrosis was significantly higher （80.0% vs. 45.7%, P < 0.05）, the operation time was remarkably shorter （（15.79±1.73）min vs.（34.65±5.83）min, P< 0.05）, the incidence rate of complications was considerably lower （5.7% vs. 25.7%, P < 0.05）, the recurrence rate was significantly lower （5.7% vs. 22.9%, P < 0.05） and the aesthetic appearance of incision was considerably better （P < 0.05） compared with those in the control group.Conclusion Curettage with self-made subcutaneous separator is an efficacious and safe treatment of axillary osmidrosis, which yields satisfactory aesthetic incisional appearance and a low incidence of postoperative complications.
Objective To explore the pathogenesis of low free thyroxine （FT4） combined with low thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） in pregnancy and its possible relationship with iodine level.Methods In total, 278 pregnant women admitted to our hospital due to abnormal thyroid function parameters were recruited and divided into the low FT4 combined with low TSH （n = 43）, subclinical hypothyroidism （n = 87）, hypothyroxinemia （n = 46） and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPOAb） positive groups （n = 102）. The FT4, TSH, reverse triiodothyronine （rT3） and urinary iodine levels were quantitatively measured and statistically compared among different groups. Iodine supplement was prescribed if the urinary iodine level was lower than 150 μg/L. The thyroid function and changes in the urinary iodine level were compared before and after corresponding treatment.Results The rT3level in the low FT4 combined with low TSH group was （54.8±9.3） ng/dl, significantly higher than （37.7±10.0） ng/dl, （35.4±10.1） ng/dl and （41.3±10.8） ng/dl in the subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia and TPOAb positive groups （all P < 0.05）, respectively. The urinary iodine level in the low FT4 combined low TSH group was （125.8±22.9） μg/L, significantly lower compared with （144.0±15.8） μg/L, （138.5±28.5） μg/L and （147.9±32.2） μg/L in the subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia and TPOAb positive groups （all P < 0.05）, respectively. Both the FT4 and TSH levels were significantly increased after iodine prescription in 33 pregnant patients with urinary iodine levels of < 150 μg/L （both P < 0.05）.Conclusion Low FT4 combined with low TSH during pregnancy may be a non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which is probably correlated with iodine deficiency to certain extent.
Objective To explore the correlation between QT diversion（QTd） and ventricular arrhythmia in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke complicated with cerebrocardiac syndrome.Methods A total of 100 acute hemorrhagic stroke complicated with arrhythmia patients diagnosed with cerebrocardiac syndrome were recruited and assigned into the ventricular arrhythmia （n = 50） and non-ventricular arrhythmia groups（n = 50）. QTd and corrected QTd（QTcd） were measured by lead synchronous electrocardiogram.Results Both QTd and QTcd in patients with ventricular arrhythmia were significantly increased compared with those in their counterparts with non-ventricular arrhythmia（both P < 0.05）.Conclusions QTd and QTcd are significantly increased in acute hemorrhagic stroke complicated with cerebrocardiac syndrome patients with ventricular arrhythmia. QTd and QTcd can be utilized as reference parameters for predicting the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia.
Optic nerve sheath meningioma （ONSM） is a benign tumor derived from the arachnoid cells of the optic nerve sheath. Because ONSM tends to invade into the optic canal and intracranial tissues combined with the particularity of orbital anatomy, it is difficult to completely resect the ONSM by conventional surgical methods. The high postoperative recurrence rate makes the resection of ONSM become a challenging surgery in clinical practice. In this article, one ONSM patient undergoing nasal endoscopy combined with lateral orbitotomy was reported, aiming to provide novel ideas for the surgical resection of ONSM.
