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复发性妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素分析
Analysis of risk factors for recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus
目的 探讨复发性妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的相关危险因素。 方法 选择2次单胎妊娠且前次妊娠发生GDM的625例孕妇为研究对象,将前次和此次妊娠均发生GDM的289例孕妇纳入复发性GDM组,前次妊娠合并GDM而此次妊娠未发生GDM的336例孕妇纳入对照组,分析复发性GDM的危险因素。 结果 复发性GDM组的年龄、妊娠间隔、孕前BMI、中孕期体质量增长值均高于对照组(P均< 0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示,孕前BMI(OR = 1.729,P = 0.005)、中孕期体质量增长值(OR = 1.688,P = 0.014)、年龄≥35岁(OR = 1.823,P = 0.007)、未行孕前咨询(OR = 1.367,P = 0.022)、前次妊娠启用胰岛素治疗(OR = 2.114,P = 0.011)均是GDM复发的独立危险因素。 结论 有GDM史孕妇产前保健应提高对孕前BMI和孕前咨询的重视,做好妊娠计划,尽量避免高龄妊娠,及早启动妊娠期体质量管理,合理控制妊娠期体质量增长,以期减少GDM复发。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 625 pregnant women who delivered twice single pregnancy with GDM in the first pregnancy were recruited in this study. Among them, 289 pregnant women with GDM in the previous and current pregnancy were assigned into the recurrent GDM group and 336 pregnant women with GDM in the previous pregnancy and without GDM in the current pregnancy were allocated into the control group. The risk factors of recurrent GDM were analyzed. Results Age, pregnancy interval, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during the middle pregnancy in the recurrent GDM group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI(OR = 1.729,P = 0.005), and the weight gain during the middle pregnancy(OR = 1.688,P= 0.014), age≥35(OR = 1.823,P = 0.007), no pre-pregnancy consultation(OR = 1.367,P = 0.022), drug treatment in the previous pregnancy (OR = 2.114, P = 0.011) were the independent risk factors for recurrent GDM. Conclusions Prenatal care for pregnant women with a medical history of GDM should focus on the pre-pregnancy BMI and pre-pregnancy consultation. The pregnancy plan should be carefully determined, older pregnancy should be avoided, the weight management during pregnancy should be conducted as early as possible, and the weight gain during pregnancy should be properly controlled to reduce the risk of GDM recurrence.
妊娠期糖尿病 / 复发 / 危险因素 / 孕前咨询 {{custom_keyword}} /
Gestational diabetes mellitus / Recurrence / Risk factor / Pre-pregnancy consultation {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 复发性GDM组与对照组孕妇GDM危险因素中的基本指标比较( |
| 指 标 | 复发性GDM组(289例) | 对照组(336例) | t值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 34.1±7.4 | 31.5±5.1 | 5.090 | < 0.001 |
| 妊娠间隔(月) | 51.3±12.7 | 39.2±14.7 | 10.974 | < 0.001 |
| 孕前BMI(kg/m2) | 23.5±5.0 | 22.5±3.6 | 2.902 | 0.004 |
| 孕前体质量(kg) | 70.5±15.1 | 69.3±17.6 | 0.861 | 0.389 |
| 空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 5.48±1.07 | 5.31±1.09 | 1.961 | 0.051 |
| 早孕期体质量增长值(kg) | 1.87±0.93 | 1.76±1.10 | 1.338 | 0.182 |
| 中孕期体质量增长值(kg) | 7.51±2.02 | 7.02±2.31 | 2.801 | 0.005 |
表2 复发性GDM的单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析 |
| 因 素 | 单因素分析 | 多因素分析 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | OR(95%CI) | P值 | B | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 年龄 ≥35岁 | 0.278 | 1.321(1.153 ~ 1.446) | 0.010 | 0.600 | 1.823(1.677 ~ 2.031) | 0.007 |
| 糖尿病家族史 | 0.247 | 1.283(0.790 ~ 1.564) | 0.237 | - | - | - |
| 孕前服用避孕药 | 0.174 | 1.189(1.096 ~ 1.279) | 0.045 | - | - | - |
| 此次妊娠BMI超过前次妊娠 | 0.445 | 1.562(1.382 ~ 1.794) | 0.039 | - | - | - |
| 前次妊娠启用胰岛素治疗 | 0.737 | 2.092(1.766 ~ 2.475) | 0.015 | 0.749 | 2.114(1.844 ~ 2.461) | 0.011 |
| 孕前体质量 | 0.068 | 1.071(0.863 ~ 1.232) | 0.121 | - | - | |
| 孕前BMI | 1.019 | 2.774(2.038 ~ 3.121) | 0.014 | 0.548 | 1.729(1.678 ~ 1.993) | 0.005 |
| 妊娠间隔 | 0.751 | 2.122(1.897 ~ 2.668) | 0.021 | - | - | - |
| 未行孕前咨询 | 0.215 | 1.240(1.063 ~ 1.537) | 0.030 | 0.313 | 1.367(1.186 ~ 1.635) | 0.022 |
| 空腹血糖 | 0.385 | 1.472(0.964 ~ 1.703) | 0.556 | - | - | - |
| 早孕期体质量增长值 | 0.293 | 1.341(0.911 ~ 1.644) | 0.094 | - | - | - |
| 中孕期体质量增长值 | 0.615 | 1.853(1.389 ~ 2.292) | 0.017 | 0.524 | 1.688(1.422 ~ 1.905) | 0.014 |
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